Synthesis and Pharmacological Use of 10H-Phenothiazines,Their Sulfones,and Ribofuranosides

This article describes the synthesis of 10H-phenothiazines from 2-aminobenzenethiol and o-halonitrobenzenes via Smiles rearrangement. Upon refluxing with hydrogen peroxide in glacial acetic acid, these phenothiazines yield the corresponding 10H-phenothiazine-5,5-dioxides. The phenothiazines have also been used as base to prepare ribofuranosides by the reaction with β-D-ribofuranose-1-acetate-2,3,5-tribenzoate. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by spectral and elemental analysis and have been examined for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.     

Canine Parvovirus Type 2a (CPV-2a)-Induced Apoptosis in MDCK Involves Both Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways

The canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) causes an acute disease in dogs. It has been found to induce cell cycle arrest and DNA damage leading to cellular lysis. In this paper, we evaluated the apoptotic potential of the “new CPV-2a” in MDCK cells and elucidated the mechanism of the induction of apoptosis. The exposure of MDCK cells to the virus was found to trigger apoptotic response. Apoptosis was confirmed by phosphatidylserine translocation, DNA fragmentation assays, and cell cycle analysis. Activation of caspases-3, -8, -9, and -12 and decrease in mitochondrial potential in CPV-2a-infected MDCK cells suggested that the CPV-2a-induced apoptosis is caspase dependent involving extrinsic, intrinsic, and endoplasmic reticulum pathways. Increase in p53 and Bax/Bcl2 ratio was also observed in CPV-2a-infected cells.     

Generalized Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen equation for unsteady forces on a sphere in a compressible flow

Viscous compressible flow around a sphere is considered in the limit of zero Reynolds and Mach numbers. An exact expression for the force on the sphere undergoing arbitrary motion with compressibility effects is presented. Quasisteady, inviscid-unsteady, and viscous-unsteady force components are identified. Numerical results are in excellent agreement with the theory. The present formulation offers an explicit expression for the unsteady force in the time domain and can be considered as a generalization of the Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen equation to compressible flow.     

Mononuclear Dysprosium Alkoxide and Aryloxide Single-Molecule Magnets

Recent studies have shown that mononuclear lanthanide (Ln) complexes can be high-performing single-molecule magnets (SMMs). Recently, there has been an influx of mononuclear Ln alkoxide and aryloxide SMMs, which have provided the necessary geometrical control to improve SMM properties and to allow the intricate relaxation dynamics of Ln SMMs to be studied in detail. Here non-aqueous Ln alkoxide and aryloxide chemistry applied to the synthesis of low-coordinate mononuclear Ln SMMs are reviewed. The focus is on mononuclear Dy^III alkoxide and aryloxide SMMs with coordination numbers up to eight, covering synthesis, solid-state structures and magnetic attributes. Brief overviews are also provided of mononuclear Tb^III, Ho^III, Er^III and Yb^III alkoxide and aryloxide SMMs.     

Correlation between the cross-linking and degradation activation energy of cotton fabric treated with chitosan kinetic study by ‘model-free’ multiple heating rate methods

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The different concentrations of chitosan were applied on cotton fabrics using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. The fabric samples were...     

System reduction using factor division algorithm and eigen spectrum analysis

A mixed method is proposed which combines the factor division algorithm with the eigen spectrum analysis for deriving reduced order models of high-order linear time invariant systems. Pole centroid and system stiffness of both original and reduced order systems remain same in this method. The proposed method guarantees stability of the reduced model if the original high-order system is stable and is comparable in quality with the other well known existing methods of order reduction. The method is illustrated by four numerical examples including one example of a multivariable system.     

Potentially useful lipase-catalysed transesterifications

Organic reactions catalysed by commercially available lipases, reported in recent years from our own laboratory and those published by others are described, confining the discussions to esteriflcation and hydrolytic reactions only. The text gives an insight into the variety of substrates accepted by these lipases and their potential applications to catalyse reactions regio-, chemo-, enantio- and diastereoselectively to produce compounds of industrial, commercial, pharmaceutical and synthetic interest.     

Sound velocity in binary liquid mixtures and the statistical mechanical theories

Sound velocity in three binary liquid mixtures benzene+cyclohexane (I), cyclohexane+carbontetrachloride (II) and benzene+carbontetrachloride (III) has been measured. Significant structure and Flory — Patterson theories have been employed to evaluate ultrasonic velocity in the systems. The values are in good agreement with the experimental ones. A comparative study of significant structure theory and Flory-Patterson Theory has been made. Both the theories give satisfactory results for the three liquid mixtures.     

1-(1-aryl-3-ethylthiocarbamido)-4-arylaminothiocarbonyl)- piperazines as possible anticonvulsants

Several 1-(1-aryl-3-ethylthiocarbamido)-4-(arylaminothiocarbonyl)piperazines were synthesized as possible anticonvulsants. These 1,4-disubstituted piperazines were characterized by their sharp melting points and elemental and spectral analyses.