Enhanced mechanical strength of hydroxyapatite nanorods reinforced with polyethylene

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanostructures may be an advanced candidate in biomedical applications for an apatite substitute of bone and teeth than other form of HAp. In contrast, well-defined size and shape control in synthesizing HAp nanostructures is always difficult. In this study, hydroxyapatite nanorods (HAp NRs) were prepared by simple hydrothermal method with controlling the reaction time without using any surfactant or templating agents. The nanostructure clearly depicts the growth stages of the HAp NRs by increasing the reaction time. The synthesized HAp has the rod like morphology with uniform size distribution with the aspect ratio of about 8–10. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) images show that the growth direction of the HAp is parallel to the (001) plane. The interplanar distances measured in segments (fringes) of the HRTEM micrograph were ~0.35 nm, corresponding to the interplanar spacing of the (002) plane of the hexagonal HAp. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that the improved crystallinity of the HAp by increasing the reaction time. The mechanical studies reveal that the improved tensile strength and the abrasion resistance are observed for the HAp nanorods reinforcing with high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE).     

Synthesis and characterization of new light‐emitting copolymers in polymeric‐light‐emitting‐diode device fabrications

A series of thiophene‐containing photoactive copolymers consisting of alternating conjugated and nonconjugated segments were synthesized. The ¹H NMR spectra corroborated the well‐defined structures, and the copolymers not only were soluble in common organic solvents but also had high glass‐transition temperatures (ca. 130 °C) and good thermal stability up to 390 °C. Introducing aliphatic functional groups, such as alkyl or alkoxyl, into chromophores of the copolymers redshifted the photoluminescence spectra and lowered the optical bandgaps. The electrochemical bandgaps calculated from cyclic voltammetry agreed with the optical bandgaps and thus indicated that electroluminescence and photoluminescence originated from the same excited state. The energy levels (highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of all the copolymers were lower than those of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1.4‐phenylenevinylene] MEH–PPV, indicating balanced hole and electron injection, which led to improved performance in both single‐layer and double‐layer polymeric‐light‐emitting‐diode devices fabricated with these copolymers. All the copolymers emitted bluish‐green or green light above the threshold bias of 5.0 V under ambient conditions. At the maximum bias of 10 V, the electroluminescence of a device made of poly(2‐{4‐[2‐(3‐ethoxy phenyl)ethylene]phenyl}‐5‐{4‐[2‐(3‐ethoxy,4‐1,8‐octanedioxy phenyl)ethylene]phenyl}thiophene) was 5836 cd/m². The external electroluminescence efficiency decreased with the lifetime as the polymer degraded. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3954–3966, 2004     

0.3 nm分辨率绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂Lys活力碎片—牛胰蛋白酶(MBILF-BTRY)复合物的晶体结构分析和分子模型

Crystal structure of MBILF-BTRY complex was successfully solved by molecular replacement method and its 3-dimensional molecular model was thereby derived. Mung bean trypsin inhibitor belongs to Bowman-Birk inhibitor group, which is by far the most complicated among the ten fundamental groups of serine protease inhibitor. Neither the 3-dimensional structure of Bowman-Birk inhibitor group nor the stereoscopic conformation of its complex with protease has ever been reported. The crystallographic data of MBILF-BTRY complex are found to be a=....     

[3,3] Sigmatropic rearrangement of allylic alcohols with ethyl β,β-diethoxyacrylate: Regiospecific synthesis of substituted allylmalonates

[3,3] Sigmatropic rearrangement of allylic alcohols with ethyl β,β-dietboxyacrylate provides a convenient method for the regiospecific synthesis of substituted allylmalonates 3.     

2-氟-6-氯甲苯氨氧化法制备2-氟-6-氯苯腈初探

以2—氟—6—氯甲苯(CFT)为原料，采用氨氧化法一步制得了2—氟—6—氯苯睛．通过实验筛选到以钒、磷为主要成分的5组分F52号催化剂．使用该催化剂进行2—氟—6—氯甲苯氨氧化反应的最佳工艺条件：温度为380℃，反应物摩尔比n(CFT)：n(NH3)：n(空气)＝1：6：25．在此条件下，2—氟—6—氯甲苯的转化率为98．99％，2—氟—6—氯苯睛的产率(摩尔)为71．47％，选择性为72．20％．经气相色谱分析，产品纯度高于99％．     

Comparison of Segregation Behaviors for Special and General Boundaries in Polycrystalline Al2O3 with SiO2-TiO2 Impurities

A systematic study of grain boundaries with an elongated grain morphology in TiO₂-doped polycrystalline Al₂O₃ materials with SiO₂ impurities is reported in this paper. Over 20 grain boundaries, all having common (0001) basal plane surface on one side, were investigated by using HRTEM and analytical TEM. A few of them were basal plane twin boundaries or other non-wetting boundaries, and the majority of grain boundaries were covered by amorphous phases, either as continuous films or with small pockets bounded by surface facets. Si and Ti were segregated to all boundaries, however, two categories of segregation were observed. Excesses of both segregants were between 1.0–4.0 atom/nm² at special and non-wetting boundaries, while they were in the range of 7.0–30 atom/nm² at boundaries with amorphous phases. A variation of amorphous film thickness was also observed, which has a clear relation with Si excess level while Ti excess remained at the same level. This observation suggests that the amorphous phases were primarily made of SiO₂ but Ti segregants were attached to grain surfaces. The variation in thickness of SiO₂-based film is strongly related to the surface structure of anisotropic Al₂O₃ grains.     

A New Furostanol Saponin from the Water-extract of Dioscorea nipponica Mak., the Raw Material of the Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Wei Ao Xin

26-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-furost-5(6),20(22)-dien-3β,26-diol 1, a new furostanol saponin, was isolated from the water-extract of Dioscorea nipponica Mak., the raw material of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine Wei Ao Xin. The structure of 1 was determined on the basis of its spectral data especially by NMR spectroscopy. The result provides the first example of naturally occurring furostanol saponins with a single saccharide chain at the C-26 position.