Decreased Resting-State Functional Complexity in Elderly with Subjective Cognitive Decline

Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are at high risk of developing preclinical or clinical state of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, which can indirectly reflect neuron activities by measuring the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals, is promising in the early detection of SCD. This study aimed to explore whether the nonlinear complexity of BOLD signals can describe the subtle differences between SCD and normal aging, and uncover the underlying neuropsychological implications of these differences. In particular, we introduce amplitude-aware permutation entropy (AAPE) as the novel measure of brain entropy to characterize the complexity in BOLD signals in each brain region of the Brainnetome atlas. Our results demonstrate that AAPE can reflect the subtle differences between both groups, and the SCD group presented significantly decreased complexities in subregions of the superior temporal gyrus, the inferior parietal lobule, the postcentral gyrus, and the insular gyrus. Moreover, the results further reveal that lower complexity in SCD may correspond to poorer cognitive performance or even subtle cognitive impairment. Our findings demonstrated the effectiveness and sensitiveness of the novel brain entropy measured by AAPE, which may serve as the potential neuroimaging marker for exploring the subtle changes in SCD.     

热对流条件下颗粒沉降的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟了在热对流条件下的颗粒沉降问题, 在研究单颗粒在等温流体、热流体和冷流体中运动的基础上, 进一步模拟了两个不同温度的颗粒在流体中的沉降.结果表明:两等温颗粒的沉降方式与雷诺数Re以及格拉晓夫数Gr密切相关, 而两不同温度的颗粒与两等温颗粒的沉降规律有显著不同.无论初始位置如何, 冷颗粒最终总位于热颗粒下方运动, Re较大时, 发生连续的拖曳、接触现象, 而Re较小时, 冷颗粒会以较大的沉降速度远离热颗粒. 关键词： 格子Boltzmann方法 颗粒沉降 热对流     

AB/CD嵌段共聚物共混体系多尺度结构的自洽场模拟

本文采用自洽场理论模拟了AB/CD嵌段共聚物共混体系的自组装. 改变组分B与D间的相互作用, 得到了不同空间尺度上的两种层状结构和只能在非对称组成情况才能得到的核壳结构. 结果表明, 这种多尺度结构的形成是因为BD间排斥作用的减弱或者吸引 作用的增强导致二者间相互融合程度的增加. 当BD间的相互融合程度与AB和CD间的相互融合程度相当时, 体系会发生宏观层状与微观层状结构间的转变. 此外, 本文还从能量角度揭示了体系发生这种结构转变的深层次原因. 关键词： 嵌段共聚物 共混 多尺度结构 自洽场     

离散式任意充磁角度Halbach永磁电机解析模型研究

Halbach电机因其自身优势在新型船舶推进、海洋洋流发电等方面受到广泛关注. 本文在假设铁磁材料线性和定子内表面光滑的条件下, 通过将任意充磁角度Halbach阵列等效为两组90° Halbach(或180° Halbach)阵列的矢量合成, 提出了一种分析离散式任意充磁角度Halbach永磁电机气隙磁场的解析方法; 通过对电机中磁标量势的傅里叶级数进行计算, 推导出了最简单的90° Halbach永磁电机在极坐标系下的气隙磁密表达式, 并在此基础上, 给出了任意充磁角度Halbach电机永磁体磁化强度在一个极下的表达式, 进而得出任意充磁角度Halbach电机气隙磁密的分布, 并分析了气隙磁密与电机极对数、永磁体厚度和充磁角度间的关系. 最后通过有限元和试验结果验证了本文方法的正确性. 关键词： 离散式Halbach电机 任意充磁角度 矢量等效 解析模型     

甘氨酸色氨酸寡肽链的红外光谱的密度泛函研究

运用密度泛函理论, 在6-31 G(d) 基组水平上对甘氨酸色氨酸交替组成的六种寡肽链结构进行几何优化, 并进行了结合能和振动光谱地分析. 结果表明, 寡肽的生长利于结构的稳定性. 随着肽链的生长, 单一基团的振动存在蓝移或奇偶震荡现象; 同类官能团的耦合振动存在红移现象; 而肽链端部基团的振动频率基本不变. 这些丰富的频移现象和尺寸效应、耦合效应、诱导效应、奇偶效应等因素共同竞争有关. 该结果对应用红外光谱对寡肽链的残基数及长度地测量等工作有指导意义. 关键词： 寡肽链 红外光谱 耦合效应 尺寸效应     

磁控溅射制备W掺杂VO2/FTO复合薄膜及其性能分析

为了获得相变温度低且热致变色性能优越的光学材料, 室温下在F:SnO₂ (FTO)导电玻璃基板表面沉积钨钒金属膜, 再经空气气氛下的热氧化处理, 制备了W掺杂VO₂/FTO复合薄膜, 利用X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射和扫描电镜对薄膜的结构和表面形貌进行了分析. 结果表明: 高温热氧化处理过程中没有生成W, F, V混合氧化物, W以替换V原子的方式掺杂. 与采用相同工艺和条件制备的纯VO₂/FTO复合薄膜相比, W掺杂VO₂薄膜没有改变晶面取向, 仍具有(110)晶面择优取向, 相变温度下降到35 ℃左右, 热滞回线收窄到4 ℃, 高低温下的近红外光透过率变化量提高到28%. 薄膜的结晶程度明显提高, 表面变得平滑致密, 具有很好的一致性, 对光电薄膜器件的设计开发和工业化生产具有重要意义. 关键词： W掺杂 2')" href="#">VO₂ FTO导电玻璃 磁控溅射     

单载流子传输的双异质结光敏晶体管探测器的研究

基于器件仿真器Atlas, 建立了InP/InGaAsP单向载流子传输的双异质结光敏晶体管(UTC-DHPT)的二维模型, 分析讨论了器件性能与外延结构参数的关系. 设计出同时具有高响应度(≥17.93 A/W)和高特征频率(≥121.68 GHz)的UTC-DHPT, 缓解了传统的异质结光敏晶体管光电探测器中探测效率和工作速度的矛盾. 关键词： 单向载流子 光敏晶体管 电流放大倍数 响应度     

Opinion dynamics in networks with heterogeneous confidence and influence

We propose a discrete-time model of opinion dynamics. The neighborhood relationship is decided by confidence radius and influence radius of each agent. We investigate the influence of heterogeneity in confidence/influence distribution on the behavior of the network. The simulations suggest that the heterogeneity of single confidence or influence networks can promote the opinions to achieve consensus. It is shown that the heterogeneous influence radius systems converge in fewer time steps and more often in finite time than the heterogeneous confidence radius systems. We find that heterogeneity does not always promote consensus, and there is an optimal heterogeneity so that the relative size of the largest consensus cluster reaches maximum in heterogeneous confidence and influence networks.     

An order-by-disorder process in the cyclic phase of spin-2 condensate with a weak magnetic field

We present in this paper a model study on the “order-by-disorder” process in the cyclic phase of spin-2 condensate, which forms a family of incommensurable, spiral degenerate ground states. On the basis of the ordering mechanism of entropic splitting, it is demonstrated that the energy corrections resulting from quantum fluctuations of disorder lift the accidental degeneracy of the cyclic configurations and thus lead to an eventual spiral order called the cyclic order. The order-by-disorder phenomenon is then realized even if the magnetic field exists. Finally, we show that our theoretic observations can be verified experimentally by direct detection of the cyclic order in the ⁸⁷Rb condensate of a spin-2 manifold with a weak magnetic field.     

TiO2 Nanotube Array/Monolayer Graphene Film Schottky Junction Ultraviolet Light Photodetectors

Schottky junctions made from a titanium dioxide nanotube (TiO₂NT) array in contact with a monolayer graphene (MLG) film are fabricated and utilized for UV light detection. The TiO₂NT array is synthesized by the anodization and the MLG through a simple chemical vapor deposition process. Photoconductive analysis shows that the fabricated Schottky junction photodetector (PD) is sensitive to UV light illumination with good stability and reproducibility. The corresponding responsivity (R), photoconductive gain (G), and detectivity (D*) are calculated to be 15 A W^?1, 51, and 1.5 × 10¹² cm Hz^1/2 W^?1, respectively. It is observed that the fabricated PD exhibits spectral sensitivity and a simple power‐law dependence on light intensity. Moreover, the height of the Schottky junction diode is derived to be 0.59 V by using a low temperature I–V measurement. Finally, the working mechanism of the TiO₂NT array/MLG film Schottky junction PD is elucidated.