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61.
The flavin mononucleotide chemiluminescence system, originally developed for the determination of copper(II), is modified with cationic surfactant micelles for the determination of chromium(III + VI). In order for chromium to be detected predominantly, the copper-induced luminescent reaction is significantly suppressed by virtue of the cationic micellar effect. The limit of detection (signal-to-noise ratio = 2) is 5 × 10?8 M chromium (50-μl sample injection). 相似文献
62.
Katsuhiro Yamamoto Youhei Miwa Hiroyuki Tanaka Masato Sakaguchi Shigetaka Shimada 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2002,40(20):3350-3359
Nickel‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and iron‐mediated reverse ATRP were applied to the living radical graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate onto solid high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) films modified with 2,2,2‐tribromoethanol and benzophenone, respectively. The number‐average molecular weight (Mn) of the free poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) produced simultaneously during grafting grew with the monomer conversion. The weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight ratio (Mw/Mn) was small (<1.4), indicating a controlled polymerization. The grafting ratio showed a linear relation with Mn of the free PMMA for both reaction systems. With the same characteristics assumed for both free and graft PMMA, the grafting was controlled, and the increase in grafting ratio was ascribed to the growing chain length of the graft PMMA. In fact, Mn and Mw/Mn of the grafted PMMA chains cleaved from the polyethylene substrate were only slightly larger than those of the free PMMA chains, and this was confirmed in the system of nickel‐mediated ATRP. An appropriate period of UV preirradiation controlled the amount of initiation groups introduced to the HDPE film modified with benzophenone. The grafting ratio increased linearly with the preirradiation time. The graft polymerizations for both reaction systems proceeded in a controlled fashion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3350–3359, 2002 相似文献
63.
α-Substituted β-(5-nitro-2-furyl)ethynyls were conveniently prepared by the deamination of α-substituted β-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinylamines. Also the application of this reaction toward α,β-bis(p-nitrophenyl)vinylamine was examined and afforded α,β-bis(p-nitrophenyl)ethynyl as the main product. 相似文献
64.
Kazutaka Tsuruhami Shigeharu Mori Kanzo Sakata Satoshi Amarume Shigetaka Saruwatari Takeomi Murata 《Journal of carbohydrate chemistry》2013,32(8-9):849-863
The enzyme activity transferring a β‐primeverosyl unit was found from culture filtrates of Penicillium multicolor IAM7153 and was useful for synthesizing a series of β‐primeverosides via a β‐primeverosyl transfer reaction in an aqueous‐organic biphasic system. With the acceptors benzyl alcohol, 2‐phenylethanol, and (Z)‐3‐hexenol, the enzyme induced the transfer products benzyl, 2‐phenylethyl, and (Z)‐3‐hexyl β‐primeverosides in high yields of 51% to 70% based on the donor added. When geraniol and eugenol were used as acceptors, the corresponding geranyl and eugenyl β‐primeverosides were obtained in lower yields of 8% to 12%. The enzyme was an excellent tool for producing naturally occurring β‐primeverosides on a mmol scale. 相似文献
65.
Shigetaka Kawai Thijs Bouwhuis Yoshiaki Abe Aiko Yakeno Taku Nonomura Hikaru Aono Akira Oyama Harry W. M. Hoeijmakers Kozo Fujii 《Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics》2018,32(6):805-820
This study investigates the relationship between body-force fields and maximum velocity induced in quiescent air for development of a simple body-force model of a plasma actuator. Numerical simulations are conducted with the body force near a wall. The spatial distribution and temporal variation of the body force are a Gaussian distribution and steady actuation, respectively. The dimensional analysis is performed to derive a reference velocity and Reynolds number based on the body-force distribution. It is found that the derived Reynolds number correlates well with the nondimensional maximum velocity induced in quiescent conditions when the center of the Gaussian distribution is fixed at the wall. Additionally, two flow regimes are identified in terms of the Reynolds number. Considering the variation of the center of gravity of force fields, another Reynolds number is defined by introducing a new reference length. The nondimensional maximum velocity is found to be scaled with the latter Reynolds number, i.e., the maximum induced velocity in quiescent conditions is determined from three key parameters of the force field: the total induced momentum per unit time, the height of the center of gravity, and the standard deviation from it. This scaling turns out to be applicable to existing body-force models of the plasma actuator, despite the force distributions different from the Gaussian distribution. Comparisons of velocity profiles with experimental data validate the results and show that the flow induced by a plasma actuator can be simulated with simple force distributions by adjustment of the key body-force parameters. 相似文献