Electrochemical carboxylation with carbon dioxide

Studies carried out in the past two years on electrochemical fixation of carbon dioxide with carbon-carbon bond formation, so-called electrochemical carboxylation or electrocarboxylation, are reviewed. Among about twenty papers on electrochemical carboxylation published from 2014 to the present, recent advances in electrochemical carboxylation regarding asymmetric carboxylation, sacrificial anode-free carboxylation, and carboxylation following aryl radical cyclization are focused on and discussed.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Properties of Aligned Polyacetylene Films

Highly aligned polyacetylene films are synthesized by three different methods in which nematic liquid crystals are used as an ordered matrix solvent: Method 1, polymerization of acetylene is carried out in a quiescent nematic solution in which a Ti(OBu)₄-AlEt₃ Ziegler-Natta catalyst is dissolved homogeneously; Method 2, macroscopic alignment is attained by gravity flow of the nematic liquid crystal-catalyst system; and Method 3, the nematic liquid crystal-catalyst solution is aligned under a magnetic field. Characterization of these films is carried out through SEM observation and measurements of polarized visible and infrared absorption spectra. Results indicate that as-prepared films have highly aligned fibrils. Upon doping by I₂ and AsF₅, these films exhibit high electrical condactivity of the order of 10₄ S/cm.     

Wavelet‐based data compression for flow simulation on block‐structured Cartesian mesh

A data compression method based on image encoding techniques is presented for a flow simulation data set. An input flow field data set is converted into the octree structure by discrete wavelet transform, and then quantized finely or coarsely depending on its importance in the flow field. Embedded zerotree wavelet encoding as the image encoding technique and entropy encoding reduce the data size by making use of the octree structure created previously. The present compression method is incorporated in a block‐structured Cartesian mesh method called Building‐Cube method. The Building‐Cube method gives not only good performance in the flow simulation but also consistency with the embedded zerotree wavelet encoding in the data compression. Three compression cases for incompressible and compressible flow simulations, including a large‐scale simulation with O(10 ⁸) mesh points, demonstrate that the present compression method gives both high compression ratios and good qualities of compressed data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural Study of Phase Transition Behavior of Uniaxially-Oriented Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Alternating Copolymer

Crystal modifications and phase transition behavior have been investigated for the uniaxially-oriented ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene alternating copolymer samples of equimolar content by the temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction and Raman spectral measurements. The X-ray fiber diagram measured for the sample drawn at 0 °C has been found to be quite different from that drawn above 100 °C or the normal orthorhombic-type sample. The new X-ray diagram is characterized by the sharpness of the reflections and the positional shift from the horizontal lines, indicating the tilting phenomenon of the crystallites. This sample was found to transform into the hexagonal phase in the temperature region around 110 °C with keeping the tilting phenomenon. The molecular motion of the more or less conformationally disordered chains was enhanced above this transition region as seen from the increase in the half-width of trans bands and the intensity increment of gauche bands in the Raman spectra.     

Synthesis and structure of 1‐phospholyl‐ and di(1‐phospholyl)acetylenes and the corresponding sulfides

The acetylenes possessing one and two 1‐phospholyl groups were synthesized by reaction of the alkynyl Grignard reagents with the 1‐chlorophosphole and converted to the corresponding phosphole sulfides. Reaction of the 1‐phenylethynylphosphole sulfide with CpCo(CO)₂ resulted in η⁴‐complexation on the phosphole moiety. The structures of the di(1‐phospholyl)acetylene disulfide and the [η⁴‐(1‐phenylethynylphosphole sulfide)]cobalt(I) complex were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:344–349, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20230