Stable multiquark states with heavy quarks in a diquark model

Based on the color–spin interaction in diquarks, we argue why some multiquark configurations could be stable against strong decay when heavy quarks are included. After showing the stability of previously discussed states we identify new possible stable states. These are the T⁰_cb(ud[`(c)][`(b)])T^{0}_{cb}(ud\bar{c}\bar{b}) tetraquark, the \varTheta _bs(udus[`(b)])\varTheta _{bs}(udus\bar{b}) pentaquark and the H _c (udusuc) dibaryon, and so forth.     

Electronic structure of bis(benzo)pentathienoacene in gas and solid phase: ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and energy band calculation

Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopic measurements of bis (benzo)pentathienoacene were carried out in gas and solid phase. For the measurements of solid phase, vacuum deposited films in both amorphous and crystalline phase were prepared on different substrates of HOPG and polycrystalline Au, respectively. The adiabatic ionization energies were determined to be 6.8₄, 5.3₂, and 5.0₈ eV, for gas, amorphous, and crystalline phases, respectively. The spectral lineshapes were interpreted with the aid of the density functional calculations for both isolated molecule and single-crystal structure. The calculated electronic structures were further analyzed in terms of the energy band dispersion and the transport properties of charge carriers.     

Effects of molecular structure on the stability of a thermotropic liquid crystal. Gas electron diffraction study of the molecular structure of phenyl benzoate.

As a model of the core of molecules forming liquid crystals, the molecular structure of phenyl benzoate (Ph-C(=O)-O-Ph) at 409 K was determined by gas electron diffraction, and the relationship between the gas-phase structures of model compounds and the nematic-to-liquid transition temperatures was studied. Structural constraints were obtained from RHF/6-31G ab initio calculations. Vibrational mean amplitudes and shrinkage corrections were calculated from the harmonic force constants given by normal coordinate analysis. Thermal vibrations were treated as small-amplitude motions, except for the phenyl torsion, which was treated as a large-amplitude motion. The potential function for torsion was assumed to be V(phi(1),phi(2)) = V(12)(1 - cos 2phi(1))/2 + V(14)(1 - cos 4phi(1))/2 + V(22)(1 - cos 2phi(2))/2, where phi(1) and phi(2) denote the torsional angles around the C-Ph and O-Ph bonds, respectively. The potential constants (V(ij)()/kcal mol(-)(1)) and the principal structure parameters (r(g)/A, angle(alpha)/deg) with the estimated limits of error (3sigma) are as follows: V(12) = -1.3 (assumed); V(14) = -0.5(9); V(22) = 3.5(15); r(C=O) = 1.208(4); r(C(=O)-O) = 1.362(6); r(C(=O)-O) - r(O-C) = -0.044 (assumed); r(C(=O)-C) = 1.478(10); = 1.396(1); angleOCO = 124.2(13); angleO=CC = 127.3(12); angleCOC = 121.4(22); ( angleOCC(cis) - angleOCC(trans))/2 = 3.0(15); ( angleC(=O)CC(cis) - angleC(=O)CC(trans))/2 = 4.8(17), where < > means an average value and C-C(cis) and C-C(trans) bonds are cis and trans to the C(=O)-O bond, respectively. The torsional angle around the O-Ph bond was determined to be 64(+26,-12) degrees. An apparent correlation was found between the contributions of the cores to the clearing point of liquid crystals and the gas-phase structures of model compounds of the cores of mesogens, i.e., phenyl benzoate, trans-azobenzene (t-AB), N-benzylideneaniline, N-benzylideneaniline N-oxide (NBANO), trans-azoxybenzene (t-AXB), and trans-stilbene. The structures of t-AB, NBANO, and t-AXB have been obtained by our research group.     

Determination of the refractive index profile of polymer optical fiber preform by the transverse ray tracing method

In graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI-POF), the refractive index profile is an important parameter in defining its bandwidth. However, direct determination of the refractive index profile of GI-POF is difficult due to its extreme thinness. In this study, the refractive index distribution of the GI-POF is indirectly determined by measuring the refractive index distribution of the GI-POF perform by applying the transverse ray tracing method to a simplified measurement system that we developed.In this system, a parallel tabular ray is irradiated transversely to a GI-POF preform. The transverse ray from the preform is then projected on a screen, and its digital image is processed to calculate the refractive index distribution. The calculation is based on a transverse ray simulation, a computer program that we developed in which the refractive index distribution of the preform is determined by comparing the displacement of the transverse ray projected on the screen with the actual measurement.The accuracy of this new measurement method is validated by comparing the refractive index distribution of a GI-POF preform with the refractive index distribution measured by the conventional method using an interferometer. We find that the refractive index distribution measured by this novel method agrees well with that measured by the conventional method.     

Chaos in numerical analysis of ordinary differential equations

The discretisation of the ordinary nonlinear differential equation $\text{d}\text{y}\text{d}\text{t}\text{= y(1?y)}$ by the entral difference scheme is studied for fixed mesh size. In the usual numerical computation, this method produces some “ghost solution” for the long range calculation. Regarding this discretisation as a dynamical system in R², these pathological behaviors are shown to be a kind of “chaos” in the dynamical system for any mesh size. Moreover, some combination of the central difference scheme and the Euler's scheme is studied for the above equation. It gives some motivation for Hénon's model. The usual discretisation of a second order differential equation are studied also. It gives some chaotic behaviors numerically which is similar to the behavior of the orbits of the system of differential equations proposed by Hénon-Heiles.     

Exciton energy transfer between optically forbidden states of molecular aggregates

3-ethyl-2-[3-(3-ethyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolylidene)-1-propenyl]benzoxazolium iodide (dye I) and pseudoisocyanine bromide are employed to form H aggregates as donors and J aggregates as acceptors. The energy of an H band of the H aggregates is higher than that of a J band of the J aggregates. It was confirmed that excitation of the H band does not emit fluorescence by comparison of excitation spectra of dye I H aggregates with that of dye I monomer. Absorption, fluorescence, and excitation spectra of spin-coated films of H aggregates mixed with various quantities of J aggregates have been observed. Excitation spectra probed at the J band are found to have a component of the H band. Fluorescence spectra originated from excitation of the H band are extracted and qualitatively analyzed. It is confirmed that excitation of the H band causes to emit fluorescence of a J band of the J aggregates. These phenomena show that exciton energy can transfer from the lowest energy in electronic states of the H aggregate, which state is optically forbidden, to electronic state of the J aggregate.     

Dirac returns: Non-Abelian statistics of vortices with Dirac fermions

Topological superconductors classified as type D admit zero-energy Majorana fermions inside vortex cores, and consequently the exchange statistics of vortices becomes non-Abelian, giving a promising example of non-Abelian anyons. On the other hand, types C and DIII admit zero-energy Dirac fermions inside vortex cores. It has been long believed that an essential condition for the realization of non-Abelian statistics is non-locality of Dirac fermions made of two Majorana fermions trapped inside two well-separated vortices as in the case of type D. Contrary to this conventional wisdom, however, we show that vortices with local Dirac fermions also obey non-Abelian statistics.     

Thiophene-fused ladder boroles with high antiaromaticity

A series of polycyclic thiophene-fused boroles were synthesized on the basis of stepwise substitution reactions from thienylboronic ester precursors. In these ladder-type π-conjugated systems, the thiophene-fused structure enhances the antiaromaticity of the borole ring. This trend is opposite to the conventional understanding that the arene-fused structure decreases the antiaromaticity of the 4π-electron ring skeletons. The ladder boroles exhibited characteristic properties such as long-wavelength absorptions and low reduction potentials.