High-Sensitivity Fast Neutron Detector KNK-2-8M

The design of the fast neutron detector KNK-2-8M is outlined. The results of he detector study in the pulse counting mode with pulses from ²³⁸U nuclei fission in the radiator of the neutron-sensitive section and in the current mode with separation of functional section currents are presented. The possibilities of determination of the effective number of ²³⁸U nuclei in the radiator of the neutron-sensitive section are considered. The diagnostic capabilities of the detector in the counting mode are demonstrated, as exemplified by the analysis of reference data on characteristics of neutron fields in the BR-1 reactor hall. The diagnostic capabilities of the detector in the current mode are demonstrated, as exemplified by the results of measurements of ²³⁸U fission intensity in the power startup of the BR-K1 reactor in the fission pulse generation mode with delayed neutrons and the detector placed in the reactor cavity in conditions of large-scale variation of the reactor radiation fields.     

Determination of the cluster spectroscopic factor of the 10.3 MeV state in 12Be

From an inelastic excitation and breakup experiment with a ¹²Be beam at 29 MeV/u, a large ⁴He+⁸He cluster decay width of 1.1(2) MeV is determined for a state at an excitation energy of 10.3 MeV and with a spin parity of 0+. By using the R-matrix analysis, a cluster spectroscopic factor of 0.53(10) is extracted from the cluster partial width, providing a strong support for the clustering structure in ¹²Be. A specially designed zero-degree telescope played an essential role in the present experiment and has been demonstrated to be a promising tool in future studies of the molecular-like resonances near the cluster separation threshold.     

多频多色光谱角色散束匀滑新方案

典型的光谱角色散技术中,由于光束带宽受限于高效三倍频,因而无法通过增大带宽来进一步改善焦斑均匀性.结合对四色打靶方案和多级相位调制技术的综合分析,提出了多频、多色光谱角色散束匀滑新方案.该方案能在保持高效三倍频基础上,获得带宽有所加宽,光谱包络近似连续的光源,且在远场匀滑上具有更为独特的优势.结果表明,采用束匀滑新方案后,虽然焦斑会有所增大,但其均匀性却得到明显改善;与典型的束匀滑方案相比,该方案能更为有效地抑制热斑,且达到最佳匀滑效果所需的时间有所减短.此外,通过对阵列光栅中子光栅刻线方向的自由组合可以实现多维光谱角色散的效果.     

元素周期表中元素单晶基于局域密度理论的正电子寿命计算

在局域密度近似理论（LDA）的基础上用中性原子叠加模型和有限插分方法（SNA-FD）计算了元素周期表中各种元素单晶的正电子体寿命和单空位寿命.分析了不同结构的单晶中自由正电子的分布信息和湮没信息.元素单晶的正电子寿命计算值与文献中的实验测量值相符合,表明LDA基础上的SNA-FD方法可以作为单晶中正电子湮没理论计算的有效研究手段. 关键词： 局域密度近似理论 正电子寿命     

Exact decoherence dynamics of a single-mode optical field

We apply the influence-functional method of Feynman and Vernon to the study of a single-mode optical field that interacts with an environment at zero temperature. Using the coherent-state formalism of the path integral, we derive a generalized master equation for the single-mode optical field. Our analysis explicitly shows how non-Markovian effects manifest in the exact decoherence dynamics for different environmental correlation time scales. Remarkably, when these are equal to or greater than the time scale for significant change in the system, the interplay between the backaction-induced coherent oscillation and the dissipative effect of the environment causes the non-Markovian effect to have a significant impact not only on the short-time behavior but also on the long-time steady-state behavior of the system.     

Influence of laser mode on splitting beam illumination effect of Dammann grating

The influences of various laser modes on the splitting beam effect of Dammann grating are studied in theory and by numerical simulation. The results show that fundamental mode laser resembles plane wave while high order mode laser differs from plane wave in the splitting beam effect by Dammann grating. Therefore, the fundamental mode laser is more suitable to be the light source to improve the energy efficiency in far-distance image detecting systems, such as laser image ladar, which use Dammann grating in the ilhlmination svstem.     

New search for processes violating the Pauli exclusion principle in sodium and in iodine

In this paper a new search for non-Paulian nuclear processes, i.e. processes normally forbidden by the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP), is presented. It has been carried out at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the INFN by means of the highly radiopure DAMA/LIBRA set-up (sensitive mass of about 250 kg highly radiopure NaI(Tl)). In particular, a new improved upper limit for the spontaneous non-Paulian emission rate of protons with energy E _p ≥ 10 MeV in ²³Na and ¹²⁷I has been obtained: 1.63 × 10⁻³³ s⁻¹ (90% C.L.). The corresponding limit on the relative strength (δ ²) for the searched non-Paulian transition is δ ²≲(3–4)×10⁻⁵⁵ (90% C.L.). Moreover, PEP-violating electron transitions in iodine atoms have also been investigated. Lifetimes shorter than 4.7×10³⁰ s are excluded at 90% C.L.; this allows us to derive the limit δ _e ²<1.28×10⁻⁴⁷ (90% C.L.). This latter limit can also be related to a possible finite size of the electron in composite models of quarks and leptons providing superficial violation of the PEP; the obtained upper limit on the electron size is r ₀<5.7×10⁻¹⁸ cm (energy scale of E≳3.5 TeV).     

谐振势阱中的布朗运动——磁镊实验与模拟

从磁镊实验和模拟角度研究了处于谐振势阱中的布朗运动. 利用实验和模拟的结果验证了理论.然后通过理论与实验的对照, 对磁镊实验中DNA分子的持久长度大小对小球位移分布的影响, 以及磁镊实验中的测力误差作了相关分析.分析指出:持久长度的变化对沿 DNA链方向上的布朗运动影响更大;小的外力作用下力的测量会出现较大误差.     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of three bufadienolides from Chinese medicine ChanSu

In this study, the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method was shown to be more efficient in extracting anti-tumor bufadienolides (bufalin, cinobufagin and resibufogenin) from important animal medicine of ChanSu than the maceration extraction (ME) and soxhlet extraction (SE) method. The effects of ultrasonic variables including extraction solvent, solvent concentration, solvent to solid ratio, ultrasound power, temperature, extraction time and particle size on the yields of three bufadienolides were investigated. The optimum extraction conditions found were: 70% (v/v) methanol solution, solvent to solid ratio of 10ml/g, ultrasound power of 125W, temperature of 20°C, extraction time of 20min and particle size of 60-80 mesh. The extraction yields of bufalin, cinobufagin and resibufogenin were 43.17±0.85, 52.58±1.12, 137.70±2.65mg/g, respectively. In order to achieve a similar yield as UAE, soxhlet extraction required 6h and maceration extraction required much longer time of 18h. The results indicated that UAE is an alternative method for extracting bufadienolides from ChanSu.