Recent advances in theoretical models of respiratory mechanics

As an important branch of biomedical engineering, respiratory mechanics helps to understand the physiology of the respiratory system and provides fundamental data for developing such clinical technologies as ventilators. To solve different clinical problems, researchers have developed numerous models at various scales that describe biological and mechanical properties of the respiratory system. During the past decade, benefiting from the continuous accumulation of clinical data and the dramatic progress of biomedical technologies (e.g. biomedical imaging), the theoretical modeling of respiratory mechanics has made remarkable progress regarding the macroscopic properties of the respiratory process, complexities of the respiratory system, gas exchange within the lungs, and the coupling interaction between lung and heart. The present paper reviews the advances in the above fields and proposes potential future projects.     

Magnetic hysteresis and refrigeration capacity of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys near Martensitic transformation

This paper studies the magnetic hysteresis and refrigeration capacity of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys in detail during heating and cooling isothermal magnetisation processes. The Ni-Mn-Ga alloys show larger magnetic hysteresis when they transform from austenite to martensite, but smaller magnetic hysteresis when they transform from martensite to austenite. This behaviour is independent of either the pure Ni-Mn-Ga alloys or the alloys doped with other elements. Because of the existence of the magnetic hysteresis, the relation between the magnetic entropy change and refrigeration capacity is not simply linear. For practical consideration, magnetocaloric effect of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys should be investigated both on cooling and heating processes.     

硼膜制备工艺、微观结构及其在硼化镁超导约瑟夫森结中的应用

MgB_2材料具备临界转变温度较高、相干长度大、临界电流和临界磁场高等优点,被认为有替代Nb基超导材料的潜力.研究了不同温度下以化学气相沉积法制备的硼(B)薄膜的微观结构.实验结果表明:较低温度沉积的B先驱薄膜为无定形B膜,可以与Mg蒸气反应生成MgB_2超导薄膜;当沉积温度高于550?C时,所得硼薄膜为晶型薄膜;以晶型硼薄膜为先驱膜在镁蒸气中退火,不能生成硼化镁超导薄膜.利用晶型B膜的这一特点,成功制备了以晶型硼薄膜为介质层的硼化镁超导约瑟夫森结.     

Adsorption-controlled transition of the electrical properties realized in Hematite（alpha-Fe2O3） nanorods ethanol sensing

Alpha-Fe2O3 nanorods are synthesized through a hydrothermal method with no surfactant introduced and ethanol sensors are fabricated from these nanorods.The device can respond to ethanol vapour in a concentration range from 1 to 1500 parts per million and shows both p-type and n-type responding characteristics during the investigation of the ethanol sensing.The sensor displays a p-type characteristic when the ethanol concentration is low and converted into an n-type characteristic as the concentration exceeds a certain value.Such a phenomenon is attributed to the chemisorbed oxygen,which leads to different modifications of the energy band at the surface,namely,depletion layer or inversion layer.     

Spectral feature with sub-natural linewidth due to quantum interference in a four-level system

This paper studies the narrow spectral feature appearing in a four-level system coupled by two strong coherent fields and probed by a weak laser field. The linewidth is examined as a function of the Rabi frequencies of coupling fields, and the result is explained by using the dressed-state formalism.     

The dual code of any (δ+αu2)-constacyclic code over F2m[u]∕〈u4〉 of oddly even length

Let ${\mathbb{F}}_{2^m}$ be a finite field of cardinality $2^m$, $R={\mathbb{F}}_{2^m}\left[u\right]∕〈u^4〉={\mathbb{F}}_{2^m}+u{\mathbb{F}}_{2^m}+u^2{\mathbb{F}}_{2^m}+u^3{\mathbb{F}}_{2^m}$ $(u^4=0)$ which is a finite chain ring, and $n$ is an odd positive integer. For any $\delta ,\alpha \in {\mathbb{F}}_{2^m}^{\times }$, an explicit representation for the dual code of any $(\delta +\alpha u^2)$-constacyclic code over $R$ of length $2n$ is given. And some dual codes of $(1+u^2)$-constacyclic codes over $R$ of length 14 are constructed. For the case of $\delta =1$, all distinct self-dual $(1+\alpha u^2)$-constacyclic codes over $R$ of length $2n$ are determined.     

The Linear Optical Unambiguous Discrimination of Hyperentangled Bell States Assisted by Time Bin

A linear optical unambiguous discrimination of hyperentangled Bell states is proposed for two‐photon systems entangled in both the polarization and momentum degrees of freedom (DOFs) assisted by time bin. This unambiguous discrimination scheme can completely identify 16 orthogonal hyperentangled Bell states using only linear optical elements, where the function of the auxiliary entangled Bell state is replaced by time bin. Moreover, the possibility of extending this scheme for distinguishing hyperentangled Bell states in n DOFs is discussed, and it shows that $2^{n+k+1}$ hyperentangled Bell states in n ( $n\ge 2$) DOFs can be distinguished with k ( $k<n$) auxiliary entangled states of additional DOFs by introducing a time delay, which decreases the auxiliary entanglement resource required for unambiguous discrimination of hyperentangled Bell state. Therefore, this scheme provides a new way for distinguishing hyperentangled states with current technology, which will extend the application of discrimination of hyperentangled states via linear optics to other quantum information protocols besides hyperdense coding schemes in the future.     

One-Pot Synthesis and Fungicidal Activities of Derivatives of Imidazo [2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5(6H)-one

The isothiocyanates 2, obtained from aza-Wittig reactions of vinyliminophosphoranes 1 with CS ₂ , reacted with hydrazine to give 3-amino-2-thioxo-4-imidazolidinones 4. One-pot reactions of 4, aromatic isocyanates, Ph ₃ P, C ₂ Cl ₆ , and Et ₃ N generated imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5(6H)-ones 7. Compound 7 exhibited good fungicidal activities, especially against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum de Bary and Botrytis Cinerea Pers.     

Synthesis of Ionic Liquids Containing the Hydroxyl Functionality for Extracting Nonylphenol and Octylphenol in Water

A new series of task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) containing hydroxyl groups was prepared and applied for extracting 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP) in water. These new TSILs showed much greater extraction efficiencies for 4-NP and 4-t-OP than the common typical ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C₄mim][PF₆]) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C₆mim][PF₆]).