硝酸铬与组氨酸配合行为的相化学与热化学研究

用相平衡方法研究了硝酸铬-组氨酸-水体系在298.15K时的溶度,绘制了体系的相图,发现并制备了文献未报道的一致溶解配合物:Cr(His)(NO3)3·3H2O(A),Cr(His)2(NO3)3·3H2O(B)和Cr(His)3(NO3)3·3H2O(C),经分析确定了其组成。用微热量计热测定了硝酸铬和组氨酸在水中的反应焓,计算了这些反应的热动力学参数(活化焓、活化熵及活化自由能)、速率常数和动力学能数(活化能、指前因子及反应级数)。     

WRSN的最短路径规划和最优电池容量研究

针对单个移动充电器自身耗能最短路径规划问题,采用基于改良圈修正初解的遗传算法进行求解,同时利用LKH算法进行检验得到一致的结果,最终得出的路径最小值为11483.24m.在此基础上,对于最小电池容量的问题,创新性地提出了条件大规模传感器电池容量和中小型传感器电池下的时变模型,并给出其中下满足不同周期的最小电池容量方案.     

气相爆轰波反应区结构的平面激光诱导荧光测量

基于平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术对2H2 O2 10Ar的预混气体爆轰波反应区结构进行实验研究.采用高浓度的氩稀释有利于减小爆轰化学反应自发辐射光对OH荧光的影响.合理设置PLIF系统、爆轰波和ICCD之间的同步控制触发延时,得到爆轰波阵面附近的OH荧光分布图像.结果表明:诱导激波后反应阵面不是平面且不稳定.荧光图像上能清晰地看到类似拱顶石的结构,它位于两马赫杆之间,以入射激波、剪切层和反应阵面为边界.无论是在马赫杆后还是在入射激波后,OH浓度分布在诱导区末端急剧增加至最大值.随着离开反应阵面的距离增加,OH浓度快速减小.由于爆轰模式和激光片光方向的影响,从PLIF图像上测得的横波间距值较离散,均小于胞格宽度.     

2D-C/SiC拉伸损伤的声发射信号聚类分析

对2D-C/SiC复合材料进行常温拉伸试验,利用声发射(AE)仪在线监测其损伤过程.应用K-均值聚类算法对AE信号进行模式识别,结合扫描电镜观察,发现2IC/SiC复合材料拉伸过程的损伤模式包括基体开裂、界面层脱粘、层间剥离、纤维断裂以及纤维束断裂等,并得到了各种损伤模式AE信号参数的中心值.通过对不同损伤模式AE累积事件数和累积能量随时间变化的统计分析,描述了2DC/SiC复合材料拉伸损伤演化过程.     

点火准则和稀释气体对乙烯点火延时的影响

利用矩形截面激波管研究点火准则和稀释气体对乙烯点火延时的影响。采用压电传感器记录测点压力时间历程,采用光谱仪和光电倍增管记录自发光强时间历程,以压力、总自发光强与·OH和·CH自由基特定能级发射光强等信号判定是否发生自点火,给出自点火过程的时间起始点和终止点,得到了不同点火准则和稀释气体对应的乙烯/氧气/氮气和乙烯/氧气/氩气点火延时。结果表明：相同工况的乙烯点火延时测量数据相对误差约为15%,数据验证了本文实验和测量方法可靠性。针对当量比为1.0、压力为0.2 MPa,得到了温度范围为905～1 489 K,稀释气体的摩尔分数为75%氮气和75%氩气时的乙烯点火延时,给出点火延时和温度拟合的Arrhenius型表达式。不同点火准则会影响所测点火延时数据,但多次测量结果确定的点火延时和温度变化规律近似相同。不同稀释气体对激波管自点火流场的影响表现为和流场均匀性以及混合物比热相关。相同工况的乙烯/氧气/氮气点火延时大于乙烯/氧气/氩气点火延时。高温区和低温区的乙烯/氧气/氩气点火延时与温度的拟合关系不同,转折温度约为1 121 K。

     

金属氧化物半导体场效应管长期辐射效应的数值模拟

将粒子输运的蒙特卡罗方法与器件数值模拟的有限体积法相耦合来模拟典型金属氧化物半导体场效应管(MOSFET)的长期辐射效应。二氧化硅中的陷阱电荷及硅中的自由电子和空穴均使用漂移扩散模型来描述,入射粒子的能量沉积可作为源项耦合至漂移扩散模型方程,并根据有限体积法得到控制方程的离散格式,方程的数值解即为MOSFET的长期辐射响应结果。使用该方法模拟了MOSFET受射线粒子辐照后的阈值电压漂移与关态漏电流现象。结果表明,耦合方法适用于典型半导体器件长期辐射效应模拟,其阈值电压漂移及漏电流计算结果与文献符合较好。     

饱和土埋置力源的三维动力Lamb问题解答

基于一组弹性土波动方程,应用Fourier级数展开和Hankel积分变换,得到了三维问题饱和土骨架与孔隙水的应力及位移分量在变换域内的积分形式通解考虑地基表面透水情形,由边界条件导出了半空间饱和土体在埋置力源作用下的三维动力Lamb问题的解答给出了埋置水平力作用下地基表面竖向位移、径向位移及周向位移的数值解该研究为运用边界元法求解饱和地基的动力响应课题奠定了理论基础.     

Controlling water temperature for efficient coal/gangue recognition

Coal and gangue (black-gray solid wastes in coal) recognition is vital to avoid waste of resources and pollution of the environment during the coal production. Considering their color/temperature is very close to each other, the traditional visible image and infrared image analyzing method is hard to obtain satisfied recognition efficiency. Therefore, a new idea of the ‘liquid intervention + infrared monitoring’ method was proposed to improve the recognition efficiency. In this article, the coal/gangue recognition experiments with different water temperatures were conducted, and the infrared thermal imager was used to record temperature variation after water intervention. The results show that when the water temperature is lower than the ambient temperature, the temperature difference between coal and gangue reaches the maximum value within 10 s, which is five times that without water intervention. The mean value of temperature difference between coal and gangue shows an approximate linear downward trend with the increasing of water temperature. The results indicate that under the condition of water intervention, it is recommended to choose water with a temperature below the ambient air, which may be a new approach to improve the coal/gangue recognition efficiency under different complex environments in underground coal mines.     

Synthesis of polyaluminocarbosilane with low branched molecular structure using liquid polysilacarbosilane and aluminum acetylacetonate by high‐pressure method

The synthesis of polyaluminocarbosilane (PACS) using liquid polysilacarbosilane (PSCS) and aluminum acetylacetonate [Al (acac)₃] by a high‐pressure method is reported for the first time. The effects of reaction time, temperature and feed ratio on the structure of PACS are investigated in detail by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform‐infrared, ¹H‐NMR, ²⁹Si‐NMR and ²⁷Al‐NMR methods. It was found that the molecular weight and its polydispersity, as well as the branching degree of the molecular structure of PACS, increase with reaction time and temperature. Increasing the weight percentage of Al (acac)₃ has a similar effect as temperature. Combined with the gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy results, the reaction mechanism is proposed, which contains three main reactions: (i) cleavage and rearrangement reaction of PSCS; (ii) silicon‐free radicals react with Al (acac)₃, leading to cleavage of O=C and/or O‐C bonds and formation of AlO_x ligands; and (iii) conversion reaction of Al ligands from AlO₆ into AlO₅ and AlO₄. It is also found that PACS prepared by high‐pressure method has a lower branched molecular structure in comparison to its analog prepared under ambient pressure conditions, and it is achieved to increase the molecular weight and ceramic yield of PACS, which is beneficial for the processing and overall quality of the final product.     

燃烧法合成铝酸盐发光粉的研究

利用金属硝酸盐和尿素发生的氧化还原反应，制备了发绿光的铝酸盐发光粉Ｃｅ０．６７Ｔｂ０．３３ＭｇＡｌ１２Ｏ２０．５．反应在６００℃下完成．对产物的性质进行了表征和研究．考察了尿素用量，炉温及其它制备条件对发光粉的性质，特别是亮度的影响