Nature of the high-pressure transition in Fe2O3 hematite

We present a new method to separate the crystallographic and electronic phase transitions in hematite using x-ray emission spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Our observations, based on the behavior of a metastable high-pressure phase in the stability domain of the low-pressure phase, show that the electronic transition is preempted by the crystallographic transition. The former occurs only afterwards in the high-pressure phase, possibly as a result of a Mott transition. The idea that the electronic transition drives the transition in hematite is therefore invalidated. Such methods should help elucidate the mechanics and the driving forces behind a number of first-order high-pressure phase transitions.     

Shape-dependent local internal stress of α-Cr2O3 nanocrystal fabricated by pulsed laser ablation

The α-Cr₂O₃ single-crystal nanocondensates were fabricated by pulsed laser ablation in air and characterized by analytical electron microscopy regarding shape-dependent local internal stress of the anisotropic crystal. The nanocondensates formed predominantly as rhombohedra with well-developed surfaces and occasionally hexagonal plate with thin edges and blunt corners. Such nanocondensates showed Raman shift for the CrO₆ polyhedra, indicating a local compressive stress up to ca. 4 GPa on the average. Careful analysis of the lattice fringes revealed a local compressive stress (0.5% strain) at the thin edge of the hexagonal plates and a local tensile stress (0.3–1.0% strain) near the relaxed , , and (0 0 0 1) surfaces of truncated rhombohedra. The combined effects of nanosize, capillarity force at sharp edge, and specific surface relaxation account for the retention of a local internal compressive stress built up in an anisotropic crystal during a very rapid heating–cooling process.     

He-BH碰撞体系微分截面的理论计算

用公认精确的密耦近似方法计算了入射能量从25至150 meV时,He原子与基态BH分子碰撞的弹性微分截面、非弹性微分截面和总微分截面,进一步讨论了微分截面的变化趋势及特征.计算结果表明：He-BH碰撞体系的总微分截面具有原子与双原子分子散射的一般规律和特征;随着入射能量的增加,低转动激发态-态微分截面在大角区的散射振荡现象会更加明显. 关键词： He-BH复合物 相互作用势 密耦近似 微分截面     

非晶/结晶共混对聚合物光伏电池性能的影响

以局域规整聚（3-己基噻吩） （P3HT）制备了TiO₂/聚合物型双层结构光伏电池.利用稳态电流-电压测试和动态强度调制光电压谱,结合差热分析、吸收光谱和荧光光谱, 研究了非晶支化聚亚乙基亚胺（BPEI）作为P3HT膜层的添加成分对TiO₂/P3HT双层电池性能的影响.由于P3HT链的高结晶性,使得TiO₂/P3HT界面接触不好,导致电池性能差.当在P3HT中共混重量比W_BPEI/P3HT=1％—5％的BPEI时,电池性能得到显著改善;尤其是当W_BPEI/P3HT= 1％时,电池表现出近0.8V的开路电压和20μA/cm²的短路电流.结果表明BPEI对电池性能的影响不是源于P3HT-BPEI共混体系光学性能的变化,而主要是由于其改变了TiO₂/P3HT界面接触性能.BPEI对TiO₂/P3HT界面接触有两个相互竞争的影响,这取决于P3HT-BPEI共混体系的组成.一方面,通过降低P3HT的结晶度和增强与TiO₂表面的相互作用,改善P3HT链在TiO₂ 表面的附着;另一方面,当BPEI含量过高时,BPEI在TiO₂表面的附着量将增加,反而会阻碍P3HT与TiO₂表面的接触.良好的TiO₂/P3HT界面接触有利于提高激子的界面分离效率、光生电子的寿命和电池效率.本文结果有望为聚合物光伏电池性能的改善提供新的认识和方法. 关键词： 聚（3-己基噻吩） 二氧化钛 共轭聚合物 光伏电池     

New type of Y-branch power splitter and beam expander based on eliminating anomalous reflection effect

We propose a new type of Y-branch power splitter and beam expander with scales of microns in two- dimensional （2D） photonic crystals （PCs） by drilling air holes in a silicon slice. Its functionality and performance are numerically investigated and simulated by finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method. Simulation results show that the splitter can split a TE polarized light beam into two parallel sub-beams and the distance between them is tunable by changing the parameters of the splitter, while the expander can expand a narrow beam into a wider one, which is realized in an integrated optical circuit. The proposed device is based on the avoiding of anomalous reflection effect and the coupling transmission of defect modes of the interfaces.     

例谈如何突破教学难点

物理教学的核心是概念、规律的教学;引导学生建立概念、掌握规律不仅是物理教学的重点,也是物理教学的难点.就初中物理教学而言,形成教学难点的因素众多,但笔者认为主要有以下几点:一是学生头脑中原有的生活经验与物理事实相悖,克服思维定势纠正认识成了教学难点;二是有些概念比较抽象难懂,如何使学生直观地理解概念,力求通俗易懂成了教学难点;三是教材某些地方编写"生硬",知识链脱节等等.那么,针对教学内容如何突破教学难点呢?本文结合实例,谈自己的点滴做法与体会.     

Optical focusing feature of single element in 128×128 elements electrically controllable cylindrical liquid crystal lens array

<正>A 128×128 elements cylindrical liquid crystal(LC) lens array with electrically controllable focal length is proposed.The cylindrical LC lens array uses transparent indium tin oxide(ITO) films as electrode,avoiding to affect the optical path operating in the voltage-off status.As the top electrode of the cylindrical LC lens array contacts with LC,the operation voltage root-mean-square(RMS) amplitude can be as low as 1.4 V and the response time is about 20-30 ms.The special optical focusing feature of the cylindrical LC lens array is got.And the focal length of this array is about 60-450μm.     

Two-Frequency Brillouin Fiber Laser Based on Bragg Grating Fabry-Perot Cavity

Abstract

A novel and simple two-frequency Brillouin fiber laser is presented. It is based on a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity with fiber Bragg gratings as reflectors. The model of stimulated Brillouin scattering in fiber grating–based Fabry-Perot resonator is investigated. The laser allows conversion efficiency of close to 100% and suppresses the higher-order Stokes waves. The theoretical prediction is presented and the experimental demonstration is realized.     

IMPINGING JET ATOMIZATION AT ELEVATED AND SUPERCRITICAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONDITIONS

A study of a spray formed by a pair of liquid nitrogen jets impinging on one another at elevated up to above-critical ambient temperature and pressure conditions has been conducted using double-pulse, two-reference-beam holography and high-speed photography. Qualitative observations as well as quantitative measurements on droplet size distribution and its dependence on pressure and temperature were obtained. Droplet size measurements showed that, at subcritical conditions, the increase of the ambient pressure initially makes the atomization quality deteriorate. Further increase in pressure (above 50% of the critical pressure) improves the atomization quality. The spray pattern changed drastically as the ambient pressure approached and exceeded the critical pressure in an environment already at supercritrical temperature. At supercritical ambient conditions, the usual mechanisms of droplet formation are no longer in place. The liquid nitrogen spray undergoes a mixing process with the nitrogen environment.     

石墨烯低温热膨胀和声子弛豫时间随温度的变化规律

考虑到原子非简谐振动和电子-声子相互作用,用固体物理理论和方法研究了石墨烯格林艾森参量和低温热膨胀系数以及声子弛豫时间随温度的变化规律,探讨了原子非简谐振动项对它们的影响.结果表明:1)在低于室温的温度范围内,石墨烯的热膨胀系数为负值,随着温度的升高,其热膨胀系数的绝对值单调增加,室温热膨胀系数为-3.64×10~(-6)K~(-1);2)简谐近似下的格林艾森参量为零.考虑到非简谐项后,格林艾森参量在1.40-1.42之间并随温度升高而缓慢增大,几乎成线性关系,第二非简谐项对格林艾森参量的影响小于第一非简谐项;3)石墨烯声子弛豫时间随着温度的升高而减小,其中,温度很低(T10 K)时变化很快,此后变化很慢,当温度不太低(T300 K)时,声子弛豫时间与温度几乎成反比关系.