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991.
Dash K Thangavel S Krishnamurthy NV Rao SV Karunasagar D Arunachalam J 《The Analyst》2005,130(4):498-501
The speciation and determination of sulfate (SO4(2-)) and elemental sulfur (S degree) in zinc sulfide (ZnS) using ion-chromatography (IC) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) respectively is described. Three sample pretreatment approaches were employed with the aim of determining sulfate: (i) conventional water extraction of the analyte; (ii) solid-liquid aqueous extraction with an ultrasonic probe; and (iii) elimination of the zinc sulfide matrix via ion-exchange dissolution (IED). The separation of sulfate was carried out by an anion-exchange column (IonPac AS17), followed by suppressed conductivity detection. Elemental sulfur was extracted ultrasonically from the acid treated sample solution into chloroform and separated on a reversed phase HPLC column equipped with a diode array detector (DAD) at 264 nm. The achievable solid detection limits for sulfate and sulfur were 35 and 10 microg g(-1) respectively. 相似文献
992.
Prabhakar Ch Yesudas K Krishna Chaitanya G Sitha S Bhanuprakash K Rao VJ 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2005,109(38):8604-8616
Symmetric croconate (CR) and squarylium dyes (SQ) are well-known near-infrared (NIR) dyes and, in general, are considered to be donor-acceptor-donor type molecules. It is established in the literature that CR dyes absorb in a longer wavelength region than the corresponding SQ dyes. This has been attributed to the CR ring being a better acceptor than the SQ ring. Thus increasing the donor capacity should lead to a bathochromic shift in both SQ and CR. On the other hand, some experiments reported in the literature have revealed that increasing the conjugation in the donor part of the SQ molecule leads first to red shift, which upon a further increase of the conjugation changes to a blue shift. Hence, to understand the role of the central ring and the substitutions in the absorption of these dyes, we carried out high-level symmetry-adapted cluster-configuration interaction (SAC-CI) calculations of some substituted SQ and CR dyes and compare the absorption energy with the existing experimental data. We found that there is very good agreement. We also carried out SAC-CI calculations of some smaller model molecules, which contain the main oxyallyl substructure. We varied the geometry (angle) of the oxyallyl subgroup and the substitution in these model molecules to establish a correlation with the bathochromic shift. We found that the charge transfer is very small and does not play the key role in the red shift, but on the other hand, the perturbation of the HOMO-LUMO gap (HLG) from both the geometry and substitution seems to be responsible for this shift. We suggest as a design principle that increasing the donor capacity of the groups may not help in the red shift, but introducing groups which perturb the HLG and decrease it without changing the MO character should lead to a larger bathochromic shift. 相似文献
993.
Prabhakar Ch Chaitanya GK Sitha S Bhanuprakash K Rao VJ 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2005,109(11):2614-2622
It is well-known from experimental studies that the oxyallyl-substructure-based squarylium and croconium dyes absorb in the NIR region of the spectrum. Recently, another dye has been reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 348) which contains the same basic chromophore, but the absorption is red-shifted by at least 300 nm compared to the former dyes and is observed near 1100 nm. To analyze the reasons behind the large red shift, in this work we have carried out symmetry-adapted cluster-configuration interaction (SAC-CI) studies on some of these NIR dyes which contain the oxyallyl substructure. From this study, contrary to the earlier reports, it is seen that the donor groups do not seem to play a major role in the red-shift of the absorption. On the other hand, on the basis of the results of the high-level calculations carried out here and using qualitative molecular orbital theory, it is observed that the orbital interactions play a key role in the red shift. Finally, design principles for the oxyallyl-substructure-based NIR dyes are suggested. 相似文献
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996.
A critical and historical review is made of the use of potassium dichromate in oxidimetry. 相似文献
997.
Let 1$"> be a Pisot unit. A family of sets defined by a -numeration system has been extensively studied as an atomic surface or Rauzy fractal. For the purpose of constructing a Markov partition, a domain constructed by an atomic surface has appeared in several papers. In this paper we show that the domain completely characterizes the set of purely periodic -expansions.
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A study of optogalvanic (OG) signals in a uranium hollow cathode discharge using a tunable pulsed dye laser with intensities above saturation revealed certain systematic trends. The peaks of OG signals, for a given hollow cathode current, due to all transitions involving the ground state are within a certain range of values. The same is true of the OG signals due to transitions involving the 620 cm-1 and 3800 cm-1 lower metastable levels. For all transitions involving the same lower state, the peaks of OG signal vary linearly with the discharge current. The slopes of such straight lines are different for transitions involving different lower levels of uranium. Effects of radiation trapping are seen in the OG signals due to transitions involving the ground state of uranium at currents above 60 mA. Details of our observations are presented and discussed. 相似文献