将铂(Ⅱ)-四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉组装到光捕获金属有机框架中增强可见光驱动的产氢效能

氢气析出反应的分子催化剂因能够将其整合到用于光催化水分解的光捕集复合物中而受到广泛关注.研究者期望通过构建吸光网络,提高分子催化剂的光催化产氢效能.本文报道了以[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ][TCPP=meso-四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉]络合物作为光催化产氢的分子催化剂.采用氯冉酸(CA)作为电子牺牲剂可以很好地稳定光催化剂,使CA被氧化为[CA-H·]自由基.当使用三乙醇胺作为电子牺牲剂时,[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ]分解形成Pt纳米颗粒.电化学循环伏安实验结果表明,光催化产氢的第一步是质子偶联电子转移,以获得[(TCPP)Pt+H]0.然而,第二个电子转移-1.02 V的氧化还原电位不随添加三氟乙酸而位移,表明该电子转移未与质子转移耦合,得到[(TCPP)Pt+H]-.此外,第二次电子转移的峰值处产生催化波,表明氢气是由[(TCPP)Pt+H]-的质子化生成,然后再生[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ]并释放氢气.密度泛函理论计算结果表明,[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ]分子催化剂光催化产氢的机理可能先经过质子耦合电子转移反应,形成[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅰ]-NH,然后依次经过电子注入和质子化形成[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ-H]-NH中间体,最终释放H2.由于整个催化循环过程涉及多个电子的注入,光捕获网络的引入有助于提供多个光电子.因此,本文通过将[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ]掺杂生长到主要由[(TCPP)Zn^Ⅱ]构筑的金属有机框架中,构筑了与分子催化剂连接的光捕获网络,从而将其活性提高了约830倍.纳秒瞬态吸收光谱和时间分辨的磷光光谱表明,向[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ]均相溶液中加入氯冉酸会因电荷转移而缩短3[(TCPP)Pt^Ⅱ]*寿命.同样现象在金属有机框架体系中也被观察到.然而,在磷光猝灭后,瞬态吸收光谱观察到均相溶液中[(TCPP)Pt+H]0及[CA-H·]自由基信号迅速衰减,在微秒时间尺度上衰减为0,表明大部分还原的[(TCPP)Pt+H]0迅速与氧化后的[CA-H·]复合,限制了光催化氢气析出的光量子效率.然而,在金属有机框架体系中,磷光猝灭后纳秒瞬态吸收光谱在较长时间尺度观察到残留吸收带,表明随后消耗CA,向反应体系中注入电子,推动了反应的完成.本文研究了能量转移对光催化H2析出的影响,并强调了光捕获网络在多电子注入中的重要性.     

A series of coordination polymers constructed from mixed ligands for highly selective luminescence sensing of Fe3+ ions

Transition Metal Chemistry - Four coordination polymers, namely {[Cd2(1,4-NDC)2(dbp)2]·DMF}n (1), {[Cd(1,4-NDC)(dbp)(H2O)]}n (2), {[Zn(2,6-NDC)(dbp)(H2O)]}n (3), and...     

Preparation and electroluminescent application of iridium(III) complexes containing sulfur-containing phenylpyridazine ligands

Transition Metal Chemistry - Four iridium(III) complexes (1–4) with sulfur-containing phenylpyridazine ligands were successfully synthesized and characterized. The structure of complex 3 was...     

NiS助催化剂的硫调控光沉积合成及其增强g-C3N4的光催化产氢性能

作为一种非金属聚合半导体,石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)具有特殊的能带结构、可见光响应能力以及优良的物理化学性质以及生产成本低等特点,因而已成为目前光催化领域的研究热点.然而,由于g-C3N4被光激发的电子与空穴极易复合,导致g-C3N4材料的光催化性能并不理想.而助剂修饰是实现光生载流子有效分离以提高光催化活性的有效途径.众所周知,贵金属Pt可以作为光催化产氢的反应位点,但高昂的成本限制了它的实际应用.所以,开发高效的非贵金属助剂很有必要.近年来,NiS作为优良的电子助剂在光催化领域受到广泛关注.大量研究表明,NiS可以作为g-C3N4的产氢活性位点用于提高其光催化产氢性能.NiS助剂主要是通过水热、煅烧和液相沉淀的方法修饰在g-C3N4的表面上.相较而言,助剂的光沉积方法具有一些独特的优势,例如节能、环保、简易并且能够实现其原位牢固地沉积在光催化剂的表面.然而g-C3N4光生电子和空穴强还原和氧化能力容易导致像Ni^2+的还原和S^2-的氧化等副反应发生,因此NiS助剂很难光沉积在g-C3N4材料表面.本文采用硫调控的光沉积法成功合成了NiS/g-C3N4光催化材料,该法利用g-C3N4在光照条件下产生的光生电子结合S以及Ni^2+生成NiS,然后原位沉积在g-C3N4表面.由于E0(S/NiS)(0.096 V)比E0(Ni^2+/Ni)(-0.23 V)更正,所以NiS优先原位沉积在g-C3N4表面.因此,硫调控的光沉积法促进了NiS的生成,并抑制了金属Ni等副反应的形成.通过X射线光电子能谱分析NiS/g-C3N4的表面化学态,表明该方法能成功地将NiS修饰在g-C3N4的表面,这也得到透射电镜和高分辨透射电镜结果的证实.光催化产氢的结果表明,NiS/g-C3N4光催化剂实现了良好的光催化性能,其最优产氢速率(244μmol h^?1 g^?1)接近于1 wt%Pt/g-C3N4(316μmol h^?1 g^?1).这是因为硫调控的光沉积法实现NiS助剂在g-C3N4表面的修饰,从而促进光生电子与空穴的有效分离,进而提高光催化制氢效率.此外,在该方法中,NiS的形成通常在g-C3N4光生电子的表面传输位点上,因此也能够使NiS提供更多的活性位点以提高界面产氢催化反应速率.电化学表征结果也进一步证明NiS/g-C3N4光催化剂加快了电子与空穴的分离和转移.更重要的是,这种简易且通用的方法还可以实现CoSx,CuSx,AgSx对g-C3N4的助剂修饰,并且都提高了g-C3N4的光催化产氢性能,表明该方法具有一定的普适性,为高效光催化材料的合成提供了新的思路.     

三维分等级花状Cd0.8Zn0.2S的结构调控及其光催化CO2还原

近年来,光催化CO2还原被视为一种既能解决能源短缺又能减少温室气体,改善人类生存环境的绿色新型技术.然而,由于CO2气体的相对稳定性,构建高催化活性和高选择性的催化体系仍然面临着巨大挑战.锌硫镉固溶体作为一种廉价的固溶类材料,具有吸光范围适宜、化学性质稳定以及能带结构可调控等特点,在光催化还原CO2的方面表现出巨大的潜力.本文发展了一种简单的原位自组装法合成三维分等级花状结构的Cd0.8Zn0.2S,主要包括Cd^2+和Zn^2+离子在含硫氛围下自组装成核状前体,然后以柠檬酸钠作为形貌诱导剂进一步组装生长,同时控制Cd2+/Zn2+摩尔比和反应时间以实现三维分等级花状Cd0.8Zn0.2S的合成.结果表明,三维分等级花状结构的Cd0.8Zn0.2S在光催化还原CO2的过程中表现出优异的催化活性和稳定性.其中,在光照3 h后,CO产量达到41.4μmol g^?1,大约是相同光照条件下Cd0.8Zn0.2S纳米颗粒的三倍(14.7μmol g^?1).此外,三维分等级花状结构的Cd0.8Zn0.2S在光催化过程中展现出对光催化产物CO的较高选择性(89.9%),其中在没有任何牺牲剂或共催化剂作用下的TON为39.6.太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)表明,这种三维分等级花状结构的Cd0.8Zn0.2S相较于Cd0.8Zn0.2S纳米颗粒更有利于对光的吸收,从而提高对光的有效利用率.原位漫反射傅立叶变化红外光谱表征分析揭示了三维分等级花状结构的Cd0.8Zn0.2S在光催化过程中表面吸附物质以及光催化还原中间体的存在及转化.通过实验数据和理论机理预测表明,该种三维分等级花状结构的Cd0.8Zn0.2S具有较高的电流密度和较好的载流子传输能力.基于这种三维的花状结构,使得Cd0.8Zn0.2S具有较大的比表面积和吸附位点,进一步提升体系的CO2吸附性能和光生电子的转移效率,从而有效提高光催化CO2还原的活性.     

Phenoxazine-based supramolecular tetrahedron as biomimetic lectin for glucosamine recognition

The design and synthesis of a phenoxazine-based metal-organic tetrahedro n(Zn_4L_4) as biomimetic lectin for selectively recognition of glucosamine(GlcN) was reported.Different from the free phenoxazinebased ligand(L),Zn_4L_4 displayed the highest fluorescent intensity enhancement efficiency toward GlcN over other related natural mono-and disaccharides.Fluorescence titration demonstrated a 1:1 stoichiometric host-guest complex was formed with an association constant about 4.03 × 10~4 L/mol.~1H NMR spectroscopic studies confirmed this selectivity resulted from the multiple hydrogen bonding interactions formed between GlcN and Zn_4L_4.The present results suggested that rational arrangement of recognition sites in the confined space of metal-organic cage is crucial for the selectivity toward target guests.     

Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reaction Enabled by Efficient Dienolization of α,β‐Unsaturated Pyrazoleamides†

(E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated pyrazoleamides undergo facile dienolization to furnish copper(I)‐(1Z,3Z)‐dienolates as the major in the presence of a copper(I)‐(R)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS catalyst and Et₃N, which react with aldimines to afford syn‐vinylogous products as the major diastereoisomers in high regio‐ and enantioselectivities. In some cases, the diastereoselectivity is low, possibly due to the low ratio of copper(I)‐(1Z,3Z)‐dienolates to copper(I)‐(1Z,3E)‐dienolates. (Z)‐Allylcopper(I) species is proposed as effective intermediates, which may form an equilibrium with copper(I)‐(1Z,3Z)‐dienolates. Interestingly, the present methodology is a nice complement to our previous report, in which (E)‐β,γ‐unsaturated pyrazoleamides were employed as the prenucleophiles in the copper(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric vinylogous Mannich‐Type reaction and anti‐vinylogous products were obtained. In the previous reaction, copper(I)‐ (1Z,3E)‐dienolates were generated through α‐deprotonation, which might form an equilibrium with (E)‐allylcopper(I) species. Therefore, it is realized in the presence of a copper(I) catalyst that (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated pyrazoleamides lead to syn‐products and (E)‐β,γ‐unsaturated pyrazoleamides lead to anti‐products. Finally, by use of (E)‐β,γ‐unsaturated pyrazoleamide, (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated pyrazoleamide, (R)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS, and (S)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS, the stereodivergent synthesis of all four stereoisomers is successfully carried out. Then by following a three‐step reaction sequence, all four stereoisomers of N‐Boc‐2‐Ph‐3‐Me‐piperidine are synthesized in good yields, which potentially serve as common structure units in pharmaceutically active compounds.     

Simple fabrication of Cu~(2+) doped calcium alginate hydrogel filtration membrane with excellent anti-fouling and antibacterial properties

Herein,copper ion doped calcium alginate(Cu~(2+)/CaAlg) composite hydrogel filtration membranes were prepared by using natural polymer sodium alginate(NaAlg) as raw material.The thermal stability and structure of the composite membranes were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy.The mechanical strength,anti-fouling performance,hydrophilicity and filtration performance of the membrane were studied.The results show that Cu~(2+)/CaAlg hydrogel membrane has excelle nt mechanical properties and thermal stability.The anti-swelling ability of the membrane was greatly enhanced by doping Cu~(2+).After three alternate filtration cycles,the flux recovery rate of Cu~(2+)/CaAlg hydrogel membrane can still reach 85%,indicating that the membrane has good antipollution performance.When the operation pressure was 0.1 MPa,the rejection of coomassie brilliant blue G250 reached 99.8% with a flux of 46.3 L m ~2 h ~1,while the Na_2 SO_4 rejection was less than 10.0%.The Cu~(2+)/CaAlg membrane was recycled after 24 h in the filtration process,and its flux and rejection rate did not decrease significantly,indicating that the hydrogel membrane has long-term application potential.The Cu~(2+)/CaAlg membrane has a wide range of applications prospect in dye desalination,fine separation and biopharmaceutical technology fields.     

高力学强度细菌纤维素气凝胶纤维的连续化制备

气凝胶纤维因其高外表面积和高柔韧性在能量管理系统中具有潜在应用而引起了广泛关注.但是,目前制备的气凝胶纤维力学强度较低,限制了其实际应用.为提高气凝胶纤维力学性能,在始终保持细菌纤维素(BC)纳米纤维处于湿态下,利用NaOH/尿素/硫脲复合溶剂直接低温溶解原生BC,获得透明的BC纺丝原液;通过湿法纺丝制备了BC水凝胶纤维,经过水洗和冷冻干燥后处理,制得BC气凝胶纤维.采用偏光显微镜(POM)、13C核磁共振(13C-NMR)和高级旋转流变仪研究BC在复合溶剂中的溶解过程与状态;利用全反射傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱(ATR-FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热失重(TG)研究BC溶解前后结构与性能变化;利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、全自动比表面积和孔径分布分析仪、单丝强力仪对获得的BC气凝胶纤维结构与性能进行表征.结果表明,复合溶剂在?15℃条件下可以直接溶解原生湿态BC,最高溶解浓度为3 wt%;采用湿法纺丝制得高度多孔的连续BC气凝胶纤维,比表面积高达192 m^2/g且具有优异的力学性能,断裂强度和杨氏模量高达(9.36±1.68)MPa和(176±17.55)MPa,如0.4 mg BC气凝胶纤维可以支撑高于其本身质量5×10^4倍的重物.     

金属锂负极的成核机制与载体修饰

金属锂具有电位低、比容量高等突出优点,是极具吸引力的下一代高能量密度电池的负极材料,然而存在枝晶、死锂、副反应严重、库伦效率低、循环稳定性差等问题,限制了其实际应用。金属锂负极的成核是电化学沉积过程中的重要步骤,锂在集流体或导电载体上的均匀成核和稳定生长对于抑制枝晶死锂、提高充放电效率和循环性能具有关键作用。本文从成核机制与载体效应的角度概述了锂金属负极的研究进展,介绍了锂成核驱动力、异相成核模型、空间电荷模型等内容,分析了锂核尺寸及分布与过电位和电流密度的关系,并通过三维载体分散电流密度、异相晶核/电场诱导成核、晶格匹配等方面的研究实例讨论了载体修饰对锂负极的性能提升。