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21.
Jeongyun Heo Thomas A. Sobiech Hilliard L. Kutscher Lee Chaves Dinesh K. Sukumaran Shanta Karki Admire Dube Paras N. Prasad Jessica L. Reynolds 《Macromolecular bioscience》2021,21(1)
A nanoformulation composed of curdlan, a linear polysaccharide of 1,3‐β‐linked d ‐glucose units, hydrogen bonded to poly(γ ‐glutamic acid) (PGA), was developed to stimulate macrophage. Curdlan/PGA nanoparticles (C‐NP) are formulated by physically blending curdlan (0.2 mg mL?1 in 0.4 m NaOH) with PGA (0.8 mg mL?1). Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis demonstrates a heterospecies interpolymer complex formed between curdlan and PGA. The 1H‐NMR spectra display significant peak broadening as well as downfield chemical shifts of the hydroxyl proton resonances of curdlan, indicating potential intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. In addition, the cross peaks in 1H‐1H 2D‐NOESY suggest intermolecular associations between the OH‐2/OH‐4 hydroxyl groups of curdlan and the carboxylic‐/amide‐groups of PGA via hydrogen bonding. Intracellular uptake of C‐NP occurs over time in human monocyte‐derived macrophage (MDM). Furthermore, C‐NP nanoparticles dose‐dependently increase gene expression for TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐8 at 24 h in MDM. C‐NP nanoparticles also stimulate the release of IL‐lβ, MCP‐1, TNF‐α, IL‐8, IL‐12p70, IL‐17, IL‐18, and IL‐23 from MDM. Overall, this is the first demonstration of a simplistic nanoformulation formed by hydrogen bonding between curdlan and PGA that modulates cytokine gene expression and release of cytokines from MDM. 相似文献
22.
Naresh Padha Kalyandas K. L. Dhar K. N. Goswami 《Crystal Research and Technology》1994,29(8):1077-1084
The crystal structure of a daturalactone derivative has been determined by X-ray structural analysis. The compound crystallizes in orthorhomic space group P212121 with cell parameters a - 15.141(1) Å, b - 18.425(1) Å, c - 19.251(2) Å. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R - 0.082. The asymmetric unit contains two non-equivalent molecules. Extensive hydrogen bonding is present. The conformations of the rings are A: a distorted half-chair, B: a perfect half-chair, C: a chair, D: an envelope-half chair and E: a twist boat. Ring junctions A/B, B/C, C/D are all trans fused. Methyl carbons C(18), C(19), C(27) and the lactone moiety is β-oriented whereas the methyl carbons C(21) and C(28) are α-oriented. 相似文献
23.
A catastrophic failure of wheel hub occurred during service. The nature of failure was a corner crack emanating from a spoke hole. An analytical investigation was carried out using the tool of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics to establish the cause of failure. The nonlinear behaviour is due to the presence of material inhomogeneities and micro-discontinuities. Plastic zone correction is made. The presence of material inhomogeneities and micro-discontinuities tend to alter the conditions near the crack tip. An analytical estimation was carried out in order to calculate the minimum number of cycles covered by the wheel hub in service.The initiation of crack growth is complex because of heterogeneity and morphology of the fracture surface. Fractographic and metallographic studies are carried out to assist the understanding of the corner cracking problem. 相似文献
24.
N. Shanta Singh R.S. Ningthoujam S. Dorendrajit Singh B. Viswanadh N. Manoj R.K. Vatsa 《Journal of luminescence》2010,130(12):2452-2459
Highly crystalline spherical nanoparticles of MVO4:Tm3+ (M=Gd, Y) having a size of 20–45 nm were prepared using ethylene glycol as both capping agent and reaction medium. X-ray diffraction study shows linear decrease in the unit cell volume with an increase in Tm3+ concentrations in MVO4 (M=Gd, Y; Tm3+=0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 at%), indicative of quantitative substitution of Gd3+/Y3+ lattice sites by Tm3+ ions in MVO4. Blue light emission at 475 nm is observed after excitation at 310 nm due to energy transfer from VO43− absorption band to Tm3+. Emission intensity and average decay lifetime increase with an increase in heat treatment from 500 to 900 °C. This has been attributed to an extent of reduction in non-radiative process arising from surface. The emission intensity of Tm3+ in GdVO4 host is higher than that in YVO4 and thus the former host is better. Quantum yield increases with increase in heat-treatment temperature. This material will be the alternative blue light emitter. 相似文献
25.
We study the steady state of the Abelian sandpile models with stochastic toppling rules. The particle addition operators commute
with each other, but in general these operators need not be diagonalizable. We use their Abelian algebra to determine their
eigenvalues, and the Jordan block structure. These are then used to determine the probability of different configurations
in the steady state. We illustrate this procedure by explicitly determining the numerically exact steady state for a one dimensional
example, for systems of size ≤12, and also study the density profile in the steady state. 相似文献
26.
We study the free energy of the worm-like-chain model, in the constant-extension ensemble, as a function of the stiffness lambda for finite chains of length L. We find that the polymer properties obtained in this ensemble are qualitatively different from those obtained using constant-force ensembles. In particular, we find that as we change the stiffness parameter, t=L/lambda, the polymer makes a transition from the flexible to the rigid phase and there is an intermediate regime of parameter values where the free energy has three minima and both phases are stable. This leads to interesting features in the force-extension curves. 相似文献
27.
28.
Absolute configurations of crotsparine, crotsparinine and sparsiflorine have been determined. 相似文献
29.
Pramana - In the present work computer simultations of the back sputtering of low energy neon ions with low impact parameter and the penetration of the same for higher values of the impact... 相似文献
30.