Ideal Mixture Approximation of Cluster Size Distributions at Low Density

We consider an interacting particle system in continuous configuration space. The pair interaction has an attractive part. We show that, at low density, the system behaves approximately like an ideal mixture of clusters (droplets): we prove rigorous bounds (a) for the constrained free energy associated with a given cluster size distribution, considered as an order parameter, (b) for the free energy, obtained by minimising over the order parameter, and (c) for the minimising cluster size distributions. It is known that, under suitable assumptions, the ideal mixture has a transition from a gas phase to a condensed phase as the density is varied; our bounds hold both in the gas phase and in the coexistence region of the ideal mixture. The present paper improves our earlier results by taking into account the mixing entropy.     

Further Implications of the Bessis–Moussa–Villani Conjecture

We find further implications of the BMV conjecture, which states that for hermitian matrices B≥0 and A, the function is the Laplace transform of a positive measure supported on [0,∞].     

Ergodicity of a Single Particle Confined in a Nanopore

We analyze the dynamics of a gas particle moving through a nanopore of adjustable width with particular emphasis on ergodicity. We give a measure of the portion of phase space that is characterized by quasiperiodic trajectories which break ergodicity. The interactions between particle and wall atoms are mediated by a Lennard-Jones potential, so that an analytical treatment of the dynamics is not feasible, but making the system more physically realistic. In view of recent studies, which proved non-ergodicity for systems with scatterers interacting via smooth potentials, we find that the non-ergodic component of the phase space for energy levels typical of experiments, is surprisingly small, i.e. we conclude that the ergodic hypothesis is a reasonable approximation even for a single particle trapped in a nanopore. Due to the numerical scope of this work, our focus will be the onset of ergodic behavior which is evident on time scales accessible to simulations and experimental observations rather than ergodicity in the infinite time limit.     

Ultralow power continuous-wave frequency conversion in hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguides

We demonstrate wavelength conversion through nonlinear parametric processes in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) with maximum conversion efficiency of -13 dB at telecommunication data rates (10 GHz) using only 15 mW of pump peak power. Conversion bandwidths as large as 150 nm (20 THz) are measured in continuous-wave regime at telecommunication wavelengths. The nonlinear refractive index of the material is determined by four-wave mixing (FWM) to be n(2)=7.43×10(-13) cm(2)/W, approximately an order of magnitude larger than that of single crystal silicon.     

基于Stark展宽的TIG焊接电弧三维电子密度测量研究

焊接电弧三维电子密度的测量对于焊接质量控制具有重要意义,通过光谱仪采集电弧弦方向特征谱线轮廓,利用多项式拟合对径向采集数据进行降噪及平滑处理,通过Abel逆变换法重新构建径向光谱发射系数谱线轮廓,采用傅里叶变换从重建光谱轮廓中分离出Lorentz线形,获得Stark展宽,最终计算了TIG焊电弧等离子体电子密度的三维空间分布。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin film coating on microstructured silicon substrate

Photocatalytic TiO2 thin film is prepared by sol–gel technique on microstructured silicon substrate produced by femtosecond laser cumulative irradiation. The photocatalytic activity is evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. For 6-ml MB solution with initial concentration of 3.0×10~-5 mol/L, the degradation rate caused by TiO2 thin film of 2-cm~2 area is higher than 70% after 10-h UV irradiation. Microstructured silicon substrate is found to enhance photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 thin film remarkably. The femtosecond laser microstructured silicon substrate is suitable to support TiO2 thin film photocatalysts.     

Growth, Characterization and Theoretical Study of a Novel Organometallic Nonlinear Optical Crystal: CdHg(SCN)4(C2H5NO)2

A novel potentially useful second harmonic generation (SHG) organometallic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal: cadmium mercury thiocyanate bis(N-methylformamide), CdHg(SCN)₄(C₂H₅NO)₂ (CMTN), has been prepared, and large high-optical-quality single crystals with dimensions up to 30 ×27×9 mm³ have been grown by the temperature-lowering method. Its structural, physicochemical and optical properties are characterized by elemental analyses, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis, powder SHG measurements and UV/Vis/NIR transmission. The specific heat has been determined to be 515.5 J?mol^?1?K^?1 at 300 K. CMTN possesses good physicochemical stability up to 128.5^°C, exhibits powder SHG efficiencies 0.8 times that of urea and its UV transparency cutoff is 358 nm. By the use of the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d) method, the microscopic second order NLO behavior of CMTN has been investigated by computing the first-order hyperpolarizability together with that of CdHg(SCN)₄ (CMTC) and CdHg(SCN)₄(C₃H₈O₂) (CMTG) crystals. The results have been explained based on their crystal structures.     

A highly accurate method to solve Fisher’s equation

In this study, we present a new and very accurate numerical method to approximate the Fisher’s-type equations. Firstly, the spatial derivative in the proposed equation is approximated by a sixth-order compact finite difference (CFD6) scheme. Secondly, we solve the obtained system of differential equations using a third-order total variation diminishing Runge–Kutta (TVD-RK3) scheme. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Diode pumped active-mirror Yb:YAG ceramic lasers

Lasers from Yb:YAG ceramic at different temperature were reported in this paper. The Yb:YAG ceramic laser with active-mirror structure was end-pumped by a laser diode whose central wavelength was 940 nm. At 80 K, with doping concentration of 5 at % Yb:YAG ceramic slab, output energy of 0.68 J at 10 Hz repetition rate was obtained under the pump energy of 2.49 J, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 40% and a conversion efficiency of 27.3%, respectively.     

Resonantly pumped continuous wave Er:YAP laser

A continuous wave Er:YAP laser pumped by Mgo:PPLN laser locked at 1535 nm was reported. 170 mW of 1609 nm output was achieved under total incident pump power of 7 W at 77 K. The slope efficiency were 5.0 and 3.1% with the cavity length 75 and 140 mm.