The Antibacterial Activity Mode of Action of Plantaricin YKX against Staphylococcus aureus

We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of plantaricin YKX on S. aureus. The mode of action of plantaricin YKX against the cells of S. aureus indicated that plantaricin YKX was able to cause the leakage of cellular content and damage the structure of the cell membranes. Additionally, plantaricin YKX was also able to inhibit the formation of S. aureus biofilms. As the concentration of plantaricin YKX reached 3/4 MIC, the percentage of biofilm formation inhibition was over 50%. Fluorescent dye labeling combined with fluorescence microscopy confirmed the results. Finally, the effect of plantaricin YKX on the AI-2/LuxS QS system was investigated. Molecular docking predicted that the binding energy of AI-2 and plantaricin YKX was −4.7 kcal/mol and the binding energy of bacteriocin and luxS protein was −183.701 kcal/mol. The expression of the luxS gene increased significantly after being cocultured with plantaricin YKX, suggesting that plantaricin YKX can affect the QS system of S. aureus.     

自呼吸式DMFC电堆构建与电池性能研究

本文报道了一种能驱动风扇工作的自呼吸式DMFC小型电堆,电堆主要南燃料储罐、膜电极(MEA)、集流体等组成.文中针对影响该电池性能的主要参数,如电堆的活化过程、甲醇浓度等因素进行了研究.同时,本文还对电堆的恒电流放电时的电流曲线特点以及阴极水的生成规律进行了初步考察和探讨.     

三维跨音速叶栅自动气动优化设计

应用三维叶栅自动设计参数化方法,选择E3约束的条件下进行了自动气动优化设计.优化后,最优叶栅的总压恢复系数比参考叶栅提高了0.8%,流量和出口气流角都在约束范围内.对优化结果的详细气动分析表明,叶栅性能有显著的改善,表明该算法具有良好的优化性能.     

Mechanism Study on Nanoparticle Negative Surface Charge Modification by Ascorbyl Palmitate and Its Improvement of Tumor Targeting Ability

Surface charge polarity and density influence the immune clearance and cellular uptake of intravenously administered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), thus determining the efficiency of their delivery to the target. Here, we modified the surface charge with ascorbyl palmitate (AsP) used as a negatively charged lipid. AsP-PC-LNPs were prepared by dispersion and ultrasonication of AsP and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composite films at various ratios. AsP inserted into the PC film with its polar head outward. The pK_a for AsP was 4.34, and its ion form conferred the LNPs with negative surface charge. Zeta potentials were correlated with the amount and distribution of AsP on the LNPs surface. DSC, Raman and FTIR spectra, and molecular dynamics simulations disclosed that AsP distributed homogeneously in PC at 1–8% (w/w), and there were strong hydrogen bonds between the polar heads of AsP and PC (PO²⁻), which favored LNPs’ stability. But at AsP:PC > 8% (w/w), the excessive AsP changed the interaction modes between AsP and PC. The AsP–PC composite films became inhomogeneous, and their phase transition behaviors and Raman and FTIR spectra were altered. Our results clarified the mechanism of surface charge modification by AsP and provided a rational use of AsP as a charged lipid to modify LNP surface properties in targeted drug delivery systems. Furthermore, AsP–PC composites were used as phospholipid-based biological membranes to prepare paclitaxel-loaded LNPs, which had stable surface negative charge, better tumor targeting and tumor inhibitory effects.     

Comparison of Fatty Acid Contents and MMP-1 Inhibitory Effects of the Two Antarctic Fish,Notothenia rossii and Champsocephalus gunnari

Total fatty-acid (FA) contents of different organs (stomach, liver, brain, and skin) of two Antarctic fish, marbled rockcod (Notothenia rossii) and mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari), were examined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). N. rossii possessed higher contents of total omega-3, where eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most represented omega-3 FAs, were distributed throughout all parts of the fish. The highest level of EPA was observed in the skin and that of DHA was observed in the brain of N. rossii. C. gunnari showed organ peculiarity in that most of the omega-3 FAs were found in stomach and skin. Specifically, the highest levels of EPA and DHA were both observed in the stomach. Although N. rossii and C. gunnari both inhabit the Antarctic Southern Oceans, their characteristics in terms of the composition of fatty acids were shown to vary. The extracts were also evaluated for matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)-inhibitory activities in UVB-induced human dermal fibroblasts, where extracts of the skin and liver of N. rossii showed the most significant inhibition upon MMP-1 production. These findings provide experimental evidence that the extracts of the Antarctic fish could be utilized as bioactive nutrients, particularly in the enhancement of skin health.     

Compositions and Biological Activities of Pomegranate Peel Polyphenols Extracted by Different Solvents

Pomegranate peel extract (PPE), which is abundant in polyphenols, holds immerse prospects for the treatment of airway infection. In this study, water and ethanol of 30%, 50%, and 80% were used to prepare PPE. A total of 18 phenols belonging to 8 categories of polyphenols were identified in PPE by HPLC-MS/MS. The PPE from the four extraction solvents possessed different antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Principal component analysis revealed that though total flavonoids (TFs), total polyphenols (TPs), and total tannins (TTs) were responsible for the reducing power of PPE, only TFs contributed to the effect of PPE in inhibiting lipid membrane peroxidation. TPs, TTs, and punicalagin were positively correlated with the antibacterial strength against S. aureus while TTs alone contributed to the inhibition of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, implying the crucial role of TT in suppressing bacteria. Meanwhile, TTs was associated with the prevention of IL-6 release. The PPE with higher contents of TPs, TTs, and punicalagin had a weaker capacity to decrease nitric oxide secretion. PPE of 30% ethanol gained the highest integrated score due to its stronger antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. It is a suitable candidate for the therapy of respiratory tract infection.     

一种吸油烟机声品质满意度分级限值评定方法

声品质作为一种描述吸油烟机噪声听觉感知特性的手段已经被行业所接受,团体标准T/CAS 341–2019《吸油烟机噪声声品质测试方法》给出了吸油烟机声品质测试与建模方法,同时通过声品质指数给出了声品质的数值化表达.该标准为各厂商定量描述声品质提供了依据,但目前仍缺乏对产品声品质满意度级别的划分方法,这不利于声品质技术的推...     

Practical asymmetric amine nucleophilic approach for the modular construction of protected α-quaternary amino acids

We report the first amine nucleophilic approach for the modular construction of enantioenriched protected α-quaternary amino acids. The key to success is the use of an alcohol solvent, which makes a rationally designed COOMe-bonded Cu-allenylidene electrophilic intermediate stable enough to couple with amine nucleophiles before its decomposition. The reaction features wide functional group tolerance with high enantioselectivity, typically >90% ee, and is amenable to the modification of commercially available bioactive molecules. The resultant protected α-amino acids could be readily converted into a number of precious enantioenriched amines featuring α-hindered tertiary carbon centers, which are otherwise synthetically quite challenging, including those of α-amino aldehyde, peptides or α-vinyl amino ester with >92% ee in excellent yields. This protocol could be utilized for the synthesis of the protected bioactive α-ethylnorvaline in 3 steps, a significant advancement in comparison to an 11-step sequence reported previously.

We report the first amine nucleophilic approach for the modular construction of enantioenriched protected α-quaternary amino acids.     

氨对硅基铁纳米薄膜高温重凝核的影响

采用弧过滤离子沉积系统（arc filtered deposition,AFD）在纯硅表面制备铁纳米薄膜。研究了750℃下铁纳米薄膜在氢气氛围以及氨气氛围中重凝核的规律。研究表明,在氢气氛围中,铁纳米薄膜重凝核以后形成的铁纳米颗粒随薄膜的厚度增加以及保温时间的延长而增大;但在氨气氛围中,铁纳米薄膜重凝核后形成的纳米颗粒的尺寸随保温时间的变化更为复杂：在氨气作用的初始阶段,铁颗粒的尺寸随氨气作用时间的延长而逐渐变大,但一段时间以后,铁颗粒的尺寸又随氨气作用时间的延长而变小,直到铁颗粒平均直径达到一个最小值（大约在氨气介入后的12min）,随后铁颗粒的尺寸又逐渐变大,并最终达到一稳定值。