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51.
Rashmi Paliwal Anand Prabha Rawat Monica Rawat J. P. N. Rai 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2012,167(7):1865-1889
Bioligninolysis involves living organisms and/or their products in degradation of lignin, which is highly resistant, plant-originated polymer having three-dimensional network of dimethoxylated (syringyl), monomethoxylated (guaiacyl), and non-methoxylated (p-hydroxyphenyl) phenylpropanoid and acetylated units. As a major repository of aromatic chemical structures on earth, lignin bears paramount significance for its removal owing to potential application of bioligninolytic systems in industrial production. Early reports illustrating the discovery and cloning of ligninolytic biocatalysts in fungi was truly a landmark in the field of enzymatic delignification. However, the enzymology for bacterial delignification is hitherto poorly understood. Moreover, the lignin-degrading bacterial genes are still unknown and need further exploration. This review deals with the current knowledge about ligninolytic enzyme families produced by fungi and bacteria, their mechanisms of action, and genetic regulation and reservations, which render them attractive candidates in biotechnological applications. 相似文献
52.
Firdaus Jahan Vinod Kumar Garima Rawat R. K. Saxena 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2012,167(5):1157-1171
This study presents the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by a bacterium isolated from a rotten fruit and its process optimization. Here, isolation and screening of potent cellulose producers were carried out from different natural sources, viz., soil, rotten fruits, and vegetables and vinegar. A total of 200 bacterial isolates were obtained, which were screened for cellulose production using Hestrin?CSchramm medium. A novel and potent cellulose-producing bacterium was newly isolated from a rotten fruit and identified as Gluconacetobacter sp. F6 through 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. After optimization of culture conditions, including pH, temperature, agitation, carbon/nitrogen sources, and inducers, the BC production was greatly increased from 0.52 to 4.5?g/l (8.65-fold increase). The optimal culture medium contained 1% (w/v) glucose, 1.5% (w/v) yeast extract, 0.5% (w/v) peptone, 0.27% (w/v) disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.115% (w/v) citric acid, and 0.4% (w/v) ethanol. BC produced was analyzed for the presence of cellulose fibrils by epiflourescent microscopy using Calcofluor white stain and scanning electron microscopy and confirmed by NMR. There are very scanty reports about the optimization of BC production by bacteria isolated from rotten fruits. 相似文献
53.
A new enantioselective synthesis of the anti-influenza agent (-)-oseltamivir free base (7.1% overall yield; 98% ee) and (-)-methyl 3-epi-shikimate (16% overall yield; 98% ee) has been described from readily available raw materials. Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and diastereoselective Barbier allylation of an aldehyde are the key reactions employed in the incorporation of chirality, while the cyclohexene carboxylic ester core was constructed through a ring closing metathesis reaction. 相似文献
54.
Pramana - This work concerns the modelling of the dynamics of polarisation of a centrosymmetric material subjected to an amplitude-modulated excitation (AME). The dynamic equation obtained for the... 相似文献
55.
In recent years, angular and linear phenoxazines and their derivatives and polymers have attracted much attention due to their great pharmacological and industrial utility. So it becomes imperative to review the work done in this area more frequently. Therefore, various synthetic routes for phenoxazines are reviewed here comprehensively. 相似文献
56.
G. Chourasiya R. K. Duggal C. P. Singh A. S. Rawat S. K. Aggarwal H. C. Jain 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1985,89(1):89-95
A direct evaporation method is described for the preparation of sources using stainless steel as the backing material and tetraethylene glycol (TEG) as a spreading agent in the presence of large amounts of uranium. It is shown that FWHM and tail contribution at the low energy peak due to energy degradation of the high energy peak can be optimized by heating the source under controlled conditions in a furnace at 500–600°C for about 15 min. An accuracy of 0.5–1% is demonstrated for the determination of238Pu/(239Pu+240Pu) alpha activity ratio in the U/Pu range of 10 to 1500 generally encountered in dissolver solution of irradiated fuel. 相似文献
57.
V.B. Tiwari S. Singh S.R. Mishra H.S. Rawat S.C. Mehendale 《Optics Communications》2006,263(2):249-255
58.
A. Rawat P. J. Jojo A. Kumar R. Prasad 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1992,166(5):365-372
The trace uranium concentrations have been determined in tobacco obtained from different brands of commercially available cigarette, beedi, chewing tobacco and also in pan masala, using fission track registration technique. Consumption of tobacco orally or by smoking may result in the intake of radioactive elements into the human body causing hazardous effects. External detector method was employed for the determination of uranium using Makrofol-KG as the fission track detector. The range of uranium was found to vary between 0.066–0.106 ppm, 0.042–0.079 ppm and 0.043–0.092 ppm, in tobacco from samples of cigarette, beedi and chewing tobacco, respectively, and between 0.073–0.203 ppm in pan masala samples. 相似文献
59.
The first examples of reactions of Fischer carbene complexes with triynes are reported. The regioselectivity of the reaction of the two different alkyne functions in the symmetrical triyne depends on the nature of the substituent of the triyne. Bis-silyl-substituted triynes react at the central alkyne unit, whereas bis-aryl- and bis-alkyl-substituted triynes react at the end alkyne unit. The reaction of a Fischer carbene complex with a phenyl substituent also reacts with a bis-silyl-substituted triyne at the central alkyne unit but gives a furan product rather than the normal phenol product. It was also demonstrated that all three of the alkyne units in conjugated triynes could react in turn with a Fischer carbene complex to give access to trisquinones. 相似文献
60.
Kamlakar Avasthi Diwan S. Rawat Sanjay Sarkhel Prakas R. Maulik 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2002,58(6):o325-o327
The title compound, 6‐methylsulfanyl‐1‐(3‐phenylpropyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one, C15H16N4OS, crystallizes in space group Pbca, with two molecules of similar structure in the asymmetric unit. The molecular structure shows the absence of intramolecular stacking in the crystalline state, as indicated by earlier 1H NMR analysis in solution. In addition, the crystal packing reveals the formation of a layered structure, due mainly to intermolecular N—H?O=C hydrogen bonding and arene–arene interactions. 相似文献