Laser Fabrication of Nanostructures on a Pure Aluminum Surface in Air

We report on the fabrication of surface nanoparticles and micro/nanograting structures on bulk pure aluminum in air using a 150 fs, 775 nm femtosecond laser. We investigate the size of the generated surface nanoparticles under irradiation with different femtosecond laser pulses. Smaller nanoparticles can be induced by a larger number of laser pulses and a lower laser fluence. In addition, we observe the formation of micro/nanogratings when the laser focus is scanned across a pure aluminum surface in air. We obtain micro- and nano-grating composite structures on a pure aluminum surface by adjusting the laser fluence and scan velocity. Femtosecond laser surface ablation of bulk pure aluminum in air is potentially a promising technique for efficient fabrication of surface nanostructures.     

The Quantum Search Algorithms for All Solutions

Two quantum search algorithms are proposed for known and unknown number of solutions. The first algorithm begins with an arbitrary rotation phase Grover search algorithm by recursive equations, then a sub-algorithm (G _α algorithm) and the corresponding quantum circuits are designed, the probability of success and expected number of iterations of the sub-algorithm to find a solution are analyzed. Based on these results, we design the whole algorithm and estimate the expected number of iterations to search all solutions. The design of the second algorithm follows the same steps. We firstly study a quantum counting algorithm, then design a sub-algorithm (QCG algorithm), and analyze the probability of success and the expected number of iterations to find a solution. Finally the whole algorithm for all solutions is designed and analyzed. The analysis results show that these two algorithms find all solutions in the expected times of $O(t\sqrt{N})$ (t is a number of solutions and N is a total of states).     

一种二苯并吖啶衍生物的NMR特征

二苯并吖啶衍生物可作为新型的微感涂料,并作为改进的受体广泛用于配位和超分子化学的研究中. 我们应用核磁共振技术（¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC）以及质谱(MS)确定了7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6,8,9-四氢二苯并[c,h] 吖啶的结构,准确归属了它的¹H, ¹³C NMR信号,为其结构鉴定提供了重要依据.      

Nanotechnology in the Chemical Industry – Opportunities and Challenges

The traditional chemical industry has become a largely mature industry with many commodity products based on established technologies. Therefore, new product and market opportunities will more likely come from speciality chemicals, and from new functionalities obtained from new processing technologies as well as new microstructure control methodologies. It is a well-known fact that in addition to its molecular structure, the microstructure of a material is key to determining its properties. Controlling structures at the micro- and nano-levels is therefore essential to new discoveries. For this article, we define nanotechnology as the controlled manipulation of nanomaterials with at least one dimension less than 100nm. Nanotechnology is emerging as one of the principal areas of investigation that is integrating chemistry and materials science, and in some cases integrating these with biology to create new and yet undiscovered properties that can be exploited to gain new market opportunities. In this article market opportunities for nanotechnology will be presented from an industrial perspective covering electronic, biomedical, performance materials, and consumer products. Manufacturing technology challenges will be identified, including operations ranging from particle formation, coating, dispersion, to characterization, modeling, and simulation. Finally, a nanotechnology innovation roadmap is proposed wherein the interplay between the development of nanoscale building blocks, product design, process design, and value chain integration is identified. A suggestion is made for an R&D model combining market pull and technology push as a way to quickly exploit the advantages in nanotechnology and translate these into customer benefits.     

Pressure-induced phase transitions of multiferroic BiFeO3

Pressure-induced phase transitions of multiferroic BiFeO3 have been investigated using synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction with diamond anvil cell technique at room temperature. Present experimental data clearly show that rhombohedral （R3c） phase of BiFeO3 first transforms to monoclinic （C2/m） phase at 7 GPa, then to orthorhombic （Pnma） phase at 11 GPa, which is consistent with recent theoretical ab initio calculation. However, we observe another peak at 2θ=7° in the pressure range of 5-7 GPa that has not been reported previously. Further analysis reveals that this reflection peak is attributed to the orthorhombic （Pbam） phase, indicating the coexistance of monoclinic phase with orthorhombic phase in low pressure range.     

低气压条件下氢气潘宁放电的模拟分析

为更好地理解低气压、弱电离条件下潘宁离子源放电过程中离子和电子的动力学行为, 通过建立二维轴对称模型, 采用粒子模拟与蒙特卡罗相结合(PIC/MCC)的方法, 考虑了电子与氢气之间的弹性碰撞、激发、电离以及氢原子、离子之间的弹性碰撞和电荷交换等过程, 对微型氢气潘宁离子源放电和引出过程进行了数值研究. 考察了磁场位形、壁面二次电子发射系数、引出电压和充气压力对放电过程的影响, 得到了实验中难以诊断得到的放电腔内电子与离子数密度分布, 阳极电流、引出极离子电流、单原子氢离子比例和双原子氢离子比例等宏观参数与实验结果相一致. 通过仿真使得对氢气潘宁放电机制的研究从定性过渡到定量, 这对于潘宁离子源的设计和改进具有重要意义. 关键词： 潘宁放电 氢气 粒子模拟 蒙特卡罗     

成年口吃者流畅朗读中塞音的声学分析

研究对成年口吃者在流畅朗读过程中的塞音进行了声学分析,测量了嗓音起始时间并且计算了塞音爆破时刻的频谱矩,并将口吃者在言语矫治前后与非口吃者进行了对比。多因素方差分析结果显示,口吃者嗓音起始时间虽稍长于非口吃者但未达到统计意义上的显著性差异水平,而且受发音部位和韵母的影响程度较大。同时还观察到矫治前口吃者和非口吃者在塞音爆破段的频谱均值呈现出显著性差异,口吃者频谱均值低于非口吃者可能是由于口吃者舌与齿龈或软硬腭形成阻塞的部位在声道中偏后所导致,还发现口吃者韵母对塞音爆破段频谱的影响较小,此结果表明口吃者表现出相对较弱的协同发音现象。口吃者经过言语矫治后塞音的嗓音起始时间和爆破段频谱有向非口吃者逼近的趋势。     

Effects of effective attractive multi-body interaction on quantum phase and transport dynamics of a strongly correlated bosonic gas across the superfluid to Mott insulator transition

We theoretically investigate quantum phases and transport dynamics of ultracold atoms trapped in an optical lattice in the presence of effective multi-body interaction.When a harmonic external potential is added,several interesting phenomena are revealed,such as the broadening and the emergence of a central insulator plateau and the phase transition between superfluid and Mott insulator phase.We also study the transport of the system which runs across the superfluid–insulator transition after ramping up the lattice,and predict a slower relaxation which is attributed to the influence of the multi-body interaction on the mass transport.     

风速测量实验的设计与探究

基于电磁理论和空气动力学的相关知识,利用磁铁、金属棒和DISLAB传感器等器件设计并制作了风速测量系统,可准确地测量2-11级范围内的风速值.该装置还可作为演示电磁感应现象的设计型实验内容,实验过程中可加深学生对电磁感应现象的理解,并提高学生对matlab软件的应用能力.     

CaMoO4：Eu3+,Bi3+,Li+红色荧光粉的共沉淀制备与表征

采用共沉淀法合成了红色荧光粉Ca_0.75MoO₄：Eu_0.25³⁺、Ca_0.75MoO₄：Eu_0.25-x³⁺,Bi_x³⁺及Ca_0.5MoO₄：Eu_0.25-2x³⁺, Bi_x³⁺,Li_0.25+x⁺,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱,扫描电镜(SEM)和荧光光谱(PL)测定分析了其结构形貌特征及发光性能。结果表明：制备的CaMoO₄：Eu³⁺,Bi³⁺,Li⁺红色荧光粉为白钨矿结构,颗粒尺寸约为0.5~1 μm。掺杂Bi³⁺的Ca_0.75MoO₄：Eu_0.25-x³⁺,Bi_x³⁺的相对发光强度明显高于未掺Bi³⁺的Ca_0.75MoO₄：Eu_0.25³⁺荧光粉。Bi³⁺离子的掺杂将吸收来的能量传递给激活离子Eu³⁺,起到了能量传递的作用。当Bi³⁺掺杂量为x=0.005时,在395 nm激发下,主发射峰在616 nm处的相对发光强度最大,但掺杂浓度过高时会出现浓度猝灭现象。另外,电荷补偿剂的掺入能够解决材料中因同晶取代引起的电荷不平衡的问题,以Li⁺作电荷补偿剂、Eu³⁺和 Bi³⁺共掺合成的Ca_0.5MoO₄：Eu³⁺_0.23,Bi_0.01³⁺,Li⁺_0.26红色荧光粉的发光性能强于Ca_0.75MoO₄：Eu_0.25³⁺、Ca_0.5MoO₄：Eu_0.25³⁺, Li_0.25⁺及Ca_0.75MoO₄：Eu_0.24³⁺,Bi_0.01³⁺。