Design,synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of novel 2-(4-((1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)2-(2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)acetamide derivatives

In this paper, a novel series of 2-(4-((1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)2-(2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)acetamide derivatives are synthesized in two steps. The first step involved Ugi multicomponent reaction of β-alanine, o-(propargyl)benzaldehyde and isocyanide derivatives. The product of this step, underwent a click 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with benzyl azide derivatives. The 2-(4-((1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)2-(2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)acetamide product was characterized and their antibacterial activities were evaluated against various G-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and G-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria, using minimal inhibition concentration. The compounds showed very good antimicrobial activity and a number of products have been more active than ciprofloxacin.     

Glucose Electro‐oxidation on Graphite Electrode Modified with Nickel/Chromium Nanoparticles

In this study, an available and inexpensive graphite substrate, was easily modified with Ni/Cr nanoparticles via electrodeposition technique in a very short time (3 min) and used as an electrocatalyst for glucose oxidation in alkaline solution. Graphite electrode modified with Ni/Cr nanoparticles demonstrated an outstanding electrocatalytic performance to glucose oxidation in comparison to examined Ni‐based electrodes or even different materials in other reports. It is noteworthy to mention that adding a little Cr led to a synergistic effect with Ni; accordingly, the presence of Cr not only resulted in a greater adsorption of glucose molecules by chromium oxide but also boosted conductivity of the nickel oxide because of the enhancement of Ni(III) amount. The electrochemical studies were performed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The morphology and structure of catalyst layer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The linear range of the electrode by cyclic voltammetry was between 2–31 mM with a high sensitivity of 2094 μA cm^?2 mM^?1. The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed electrode was examined in glucose solution which were 0.3 % and 4.7 %, respectively. According to the low cost, ease and fast preparation, good repeatability and high sensitivity, this electrode can be a good candidate for nonenzymatic glucose oxidation.     

DFT computational study towards investigating Cladribine anticancer drug adsorption on the graphene and functionalized graphene

Structural Chemistry - Density functional theory calculations at the M06-2X/6-31G** level have been carried out to examine the adsorption behavior of Cladribine drug on the graphene and graphene...     

Non-isothermal pyrolysis of used lubricating oil and the catalytic effect of carbon-based nanomaterials on the process performance

Pyrolysis is a commonly used method for the recovery of used lubricating oil (ULO), which should be kinetically improved by a catalyst, due to its high level of energy consumption. In this research, the catalytic effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene nanoplatelets on the pyrolysis of ULO were studied through thermogravimetric analysis. First, the kinetic parameters of ULO pyrolysis including activation energy were calculated to be 170.12 and 167.01 kJ mol^?1 by FWO and KAS methods, respectively. Then, the catalytic effects of CNT and graphene nanoplatelets on pyrolysis kinetics were studied. While CNT had a negligible effect on the pyrolysis process, graphene nanoplatelets significantly reduced the temperature of maximum conversion during pyrolysis from 400 to 350 °C, due to high thermal conductivity and homogenous heat transfer in the pyrolysis process. On the other hand, graphene nanoplatelets maximized the rate of conversion of highly volatile components at lower temperatures (<?100 °C), which was mainly due to the high affinity of these components toward graphene nanoplatelets and also the effect of nanoplatelets’ edges which have free tails and can bond with other molecules. Moreover, graphene nanoplatelets decreased the activation energy of the conversion to 154.48 and 152.13 kJ mol^?1 by FWO and KAS methods, respectively.

     

Numerical simulation of natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine for investigation of performance and emission

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Due to global concerns about the emissions, limited hydrocarbon fuel resources and high fuel prices, a lot of researches have been done to improve the...     

A numerical study on the effect of static magnetic field on the hemodynamics of magnetic fluid in biological porous media

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - High interstitial fluid pressure in the tumor is among the most important barriers to drug delivery. The use of the static magnetic field is one of the...     

Thermodynamics and Phase Transition of Topological Dilatonic Lifshitz-Like Black Holes

It is known that scalar-tensor gravity models can be studied in Einstein and Jordan frames. In this paper, a model of scalar-tensor gravity in Einstein's frame is considered to calculate the Lifshitz-like black hole solutions with different horizon topologies. Thermodynamic properties and first order van der Waals-like phase transition are studied, and it is found that the Lifshitz parameter affects the phase structure. In addition, thermal stability is investigated by using the behavior of heat capacity and various methods of geometrical thermodynamics.     

The Effect of the Protein Synthesis Entropy Reduction on the Cell Size Regulation and Division Size of Unicellular Organisms

The underlying mechanism determining the size of a particular cell is one of the fundamental unknowns in cell biology. Here, using a new approach that could be used for most of unicellular species, we show that the protein synthesis and cell size are interconnected biophysically and that protein synthesis may be the chief mechanism in establishing size limitations of unicellular organisms. This result is obtained based on the free energy balance equation of protein synthesis and the second law of thermodynamics. Our calculations show that protein synthesis involves a considerable amount of entropy reduction due to polymerization of amino acids depending on the cytoplasmic volume of the cell. The amount of entropy reduction will increase with cell growth and eventually makes the free energy variations of the protein synthesis positive (that is, forbidden thermodynamically). Within the limits of the second law of thermodynamics we propose a framework to estimate the optimal cell size at division.     

Synthesis and characterization of new fluorinated photoactive polyamides based on xanthene pendant: Evaluation of antibacterial and heavy metal ions removal behavior

A series of novel organosoluble polyamides (PAs) bearing different functional groups such as flexible ether, substituted imidazole, and xanthene rings and electron-withdrawing CF₃ groups were synthesized from diamines and various dicarboxylic acids. The structures of diamines and PAs were fully characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The PAs showed good solubility in aprotic and polar organic solvents, with high thermal stability exhibiting the glass transition temperatures (T_gs) and 10% weight loss temperatures (T₁₀%) in the range of 184–277°C and 410–480°C in N₂ atmosphere, respectively. These polymers showed fluorescence emission upon irradiation with UV light. Diamine compounds and two of synthesized polymers were also screened for antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and the obtained results for all four combinations showed good inhibition. Extraction capability for heavy metal ions such as Cr³⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Co²⁺ from aqueous solutions was also tested at 25°C and pH 7–8.     

Energy,Exergy, Exergoeconomic and Emergy-Based Exergoeconomic (Emergoeconomic) Analyses of a Biomass Combustion Waste Heat Recovery Organic Rankine Cycle

In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend toward the technical development of efficient energy system assessment tools owing to the growing energy demand and subsequent greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly, in this paper, a comprehensive emergy-based exergoeconomic (emergoeconomic) method has been developed to study the biomass combustion waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle (BCWHR-ORC), taking into account thermodynamics, economics, and sustainability aspects. To this end, the system was formulated in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software, and then the exergy, exergoeconomic, and emergoeconomic analyses were conducted accordingly. The exergy analysis results revealed that the evaporator unit with 55.05 kilowatts and the turbine with 89.57% had the highest exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency, respectively. Based on the exergoeconomic analysis, the cost per exergy unit (c), and the cost rate (C˙) of the output power of the system were calculated to be 24.13 USD/GJ and 14.19 USD/h, respectively. Next, by applying the emergoeconomic approach, the monetary emergy content of the system components and the flows were calculated to evaluate the system’s sustainability. Accordingly, the turbine was found to have the highest monetary emergy rate of capital investment, equal to 5.43×1012 sej/h, and an output power monetary emergy of 4.77×104 sej/J. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the system’s overall performance characteristics from an exergoeconomic perspective, regarding the changes in the transformation coefficients (specific monetary emergy).