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961.
Eun Mi Lee Hyun Woo Lee Jae Hyeung Park Young A. Han Byung Chul Ji Weontae Oh Yulin Deng Jeong Hyun Yeum 《Colloid and polymer science》2008,286(12):1379-1385
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/silver nanocomposite microspheres with unique multihollow structures were prepared by suspension
polymerization in the presence of dual dispersion agents. The addition of a lipophilic emulsifier, polyethylene glycol (30EO)
dipolyhydroxystearate (Arlacel P135), not only stabilized water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion, but also converted silver nanoparticles
from hydrophilic to lipophilic. When a suspension polymerization dispersion agent, poly(vinyl alcohol), was added to the above
W/O emulsion system, a water-in-oil-in-water suspension was formed with silver nanoparticles dispersed in the oil phase. The
suspension polymerization was carried out at low temperature with 2,2’-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) as the initiator.
When modified silver nanoparticles were added, the rate of polymerization increased slightly. High monomer conversion (about
85%) was obtained in spite of low polymerization temperature of 30 °C. Under controlled conditions, PMMA/silver microspheres
with various hollow structures were synthesized. The PMMA/silver microspheres with multihollow structure showed high antibacterial
ability. 相似文献
962.
The dinuclear Mn(II) complex, [Mn2(Hbida)2(H2O)2], was prepared using a tetradentate tripodal ligand, N-(benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)iminodiacetic acid (H3bida) which has two carboxylate and one benzimidazole groups. The manganese ions are doubly bridged using μ,η1-bridging monodentate carboxylate oxygen atoms. The Mn–Mn bond distance of 3.446 Å in the complex is comparable to that observed in the active site of the native manganese arginase enzyme (3.30 Å). The geometry of the complex with four carboxylates in two different types of binding modes, non-bridging monodentate and μ,η1-type bridging monodentate, mimics the active site structure of manganese arginase. The magnetic properties of the complex show a coupling constant of J = −0.471(1) cm−1, which is consistent with weakly coupled antiferromagnetic MnII (S = 5/2) centers. The cyclic voltammograms of the Mn(II) complex in DMF show irreversible oxidation occurring around 570 mV (versus Ag/AgCl). 相似文献
963.
The transport efficiency of dried particles generated from an ultrasonic nebulizer (USN) was studied to improve the analytical performance of a lab-made, He-microchip plasma system, in which a quartz tube (~ 1 mm i.d.) was positioned inside the central channel of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymer chip. The polymer microchip plasma has the advantages of low cost, small size, easy handling and design, and self-ignition with long stabilization (> 24 h). However, direct introduction of aqueous solution into the microplasma for the detection of metals remains problematic due to plasma instability. In addition, the much smaller size of the system can cause signal suppression due to low transport efficiency. Therefore, knowledge of particle transport efficiency in this microplasma system is required to enhance the sensitivity and stability. The weight of transported particles in the range of 0.02 to 10 mg m− 3 was measured using a piezobalance with a precision of 0.4–17.8%, depending on the operating conditions. The significant effects of the USN operating conditions and the physical properties of the tubing, namely, length, inner diameter and surface characteristics, on the number of particles transported from the nebulizer to the microplasma were studied. When selected metals, such as Na, Mg and Pb, at a concentration of 5 mg L− 1 were nebulized, transported particles were obtained with a mass range of 0.5–5 mg m− 3, depending on atomic weights. For application of the He-rf-microplasma, the atomic emission system was optimized by changing both the radio frequency (rf) power (60–200 W) and cooling temperature of the USN (− 12–9 °C). The limits of detection obtained for K, Na and Cu were 0.26, 0.22, and 0.28 mg L− 1, respectively. These results confirmed the suitable stability and sensitivity of the He-rf-PDMS microchip plasma for application as an atomization source. 相似文献
964.
Shape Oscillation of a drop in ac electrowetting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A sessile drop oscillates when an ac voltage is applied in electrowetting. The oscillation results from the time-varying electrical force concentrated on the three-phase contact line. Little is known about the feature of drop oscillation in electrowetting. In the present work, the drop oscillations are observed systematically, and a theoretical model is developed to analyze the oscillation. It is revealed that resonance occurs at certain frequencies and the oscillation pattern is significantly dependent on the applied ac frequencies. The domain perturbation method is used to derive the shape-mode equations under the assumptions of a weak viscous effect and small drop deformation. The electrical force concentrated on the three-phase contact line is approximated as a delta function, which is decomposed and substituted into each shape-mode equation as a forcing term. The theoretical results for the shape and frequency responses are compared with experimental results, which shows qualitative agreement. 相似文献
965.
Jung Kwon Oh 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(21):6983-7001
Effective ways to conduct controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) in emulsion systems are necessary for commercial latex production without significant modification of current industrial facilities. Conducting CRP in emulsion media is more complicated and more challenging than its application in homogeneous bulk. These challenges come from the intrinsic kinetics of emulsion polymerization. They include mass transport, slow chain growth mechanism, and exit of short radicals from polymeric particles. This review describes the recent developments of CRP in heterogeneous dispersion, including miniemulsion, microemulsion, dispersion, and especially emulsion. Various approaches for conducting emulsion CRP are detailed, including controlled seeded emulsion polymerization, nanoprecipitation, use of short oligomers as macroinitiators for in situ block copolymerization, and RAFT‐mediated self‐assembly. In addition many remaining challenges of the current methods barring wide spread industrial application of emulsion CRP are also suggested. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6983–7001, 2008 相似文献
966.
Ji Chul Jung Howon Lee Heesoo Kim Young-Min Chung Tae Jin Kim Seong Jun Lee Seung-Hoon Oh Yong Seung Kim In Kyu Song 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2008,34(8-9):827-833
Multicomponent bismuth molybdates were prepared by a co-precipitation method for use in the oxidative dehydrogenation ofn-butene to 1,3-butadiene. The effect of divalent and trivalent metals on the catalytic performance of multicomponent bismuth molybdate catalysts was investigated. It was found that the metal ratio of Fe/Bi/Mo=3∶1∶12 was favorable for the reaction. The successful formation of Ni X Co8?X Fe3Bi1Mo12O50 (X=0?8) catalysts was well confirmed by XRD and ICP-AES measurements. The multicomponent bismuth molybdate catalysts showed a better catalytic performance than the pure γ-Bi2MoO6 catalyst. Among the Ni X Co8?X Fe3Bi1Mo12O50 (X=0?8) catalysts, Ni3Co5Fe3Bi1Mo12O50 showed the highest yield of 1,3-butadiene. 相似文献
967.
A novel analytical method using fast gas chromatography combined with surface acoustic wave sensor (GC/SAW) has been developed for the detection of volatile aroma compounds emanated from lilac blossom (Syringa species: Syringa vulgaris variginata and Syringa dilatata). GC/SAW could detect and quantify various fragrance emitted from lilac blossom, enabling to provide fragrance pattern analysis results. The fragrance pattern analysis could easily characterize the delicate differences in aromas caused by the substantial difference of chemical composition according to different color and shape of petals. Moreover, the method validation of GC/SAW was performed for the purpose of volatile floral actual aroma analysis, achieving a high reproducibility and excellent sensitivity. From the validation results, GC/SAW could serve as an alternative analytical technique for the analysis of volatile floral actual aroma of lilac. In addition, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) GC-MS was employed to further confirm the identification of fragrances emitted from lilac blossom and compared to GC/SAW. 相似文献
968.
Trifluoroethoxylation of hexafluoropropene with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) were conducted using an alkali metal fluoride catalyst to produce CF3CHFCF2OCH2CF3. KF exhibited the highest yield and selectivity of CF3CHFCF2OCH2CF3, whereas LiF and NaF were inactive for the trifluoroethoxylation reaction. The same reaction also proceeded well in the presence of RbF or CsF, but yielded large amounts of olefinic and high molecular weight side products, implying that the size of alkali metal cation or the degree of MF dissociation plays an important role in determining the activity and the product composition. FT-IR and NMR experiments revealed that CsF interacts with TFE more strongly than KF through a hydrogen bonding. The experimental and spectroscopic results suggest that the degree of MF dissociation should be in the medium range for the selective production of CF3CHFCF2OCH2CF3 in high yield and selectivity. 相似文献
969.
Cho DW Lee HY Oh SW Choi JH Park HJ Mariano PS Yoon UC 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2008,73(12):4539-4547
Photochemical reactions taking place between 1,2-diketones and silyl ketene acetals and their excited state reaction mechanisms have been explored. Irradiation of benzene, acetone, or acetonitrile solutions containing 1,2-diketones and silyl ketene acetals is observed to promote formation of 1,4-dioxenes, resulting from [4 + 2]-cycloaddition, oxetanes, arising by Paterno-Buchi processes, and beta-hydroxy-gamma-ketoesters, generated by SET-promoted Claisen-type condensation. These competitive pathways leading from the excited states of the 1,2-diketones to these products are influenced by solvent polarity and the nature of the silyl ketene acetal and 1,2-diketone. The Claisen-type condensation process, following an SET desilylation pathway and predominating when the photoreactions are carried out in the polar solvent acetonitrile, represents an efficient method to prepare a variety of diversely substituted beta-hydoxy-gamma-ketoesters. 相似文献
970.
Cho DW Choi JH Oh SW Quan C Yoon UC Wang R Yang S Mariano PS 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2008,130(7):2276-2284
Results of an investigation, aimed at gaining information about the factors governing the efficiencies of single electron transfer (SET)-promoted photocyclization reactions of linked acceptor-polydonor systems, are described. One set of substrates used in this effort includes alpha-trimethylsilyl ether terminated, polymethylene- and polyethylenoxy-tethered phthalimides and 2,3-naphthalimides. Photocyclization reactions of the polyethylenoxy-linked phthalimides and naphthalimides were observed to take place in higher chemical yields and with larger quantum efficiencies than those of analogs containing polymethylene tethers of near equal length. These findings show that the rates of formation of 1,omega-zwitterionic biradicals that serve as key intermediates in the photocyclization processes are enhanced in substances that contain oxygen donor sites in the chain. The findings suggest that these donor sites facilitate both initial SET to acceptor excited states and ensuing intrachain SET, resulting in migration of the cation radical center to the terminal alpha-trimethylsilyl ether position. In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between the quantum yields of photocyclization reactions of the tethered phthalimides and naphthalimides and the length of the polyethylenoxy chain. Finally, the roles played by chain type and length in governing photoreaction efficiencies were investigated by using intramolecular competition in photoreactions of polyethylenoxy and polymethylene bis-tethered phthalimides. Mechanistic interpretations and synthetic consequences of the observations made in this study are discussed. 相似文献