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201.
Phase diversity is a phase-retrieval algorithm that uses a pair of intensity images taken symmetrically about the wave front to be determined. If these images are taken about the system input pupil this is equivalent to a curvature-sensing algorithm. Traditionally a defocus aberration kernel is used to produce the phase-diverse data. We present a generalization of this method to allow the use of other functions as the diversity kernel. We discuss the necessary and sufficient conditions that such a function must satisfy for use in a null wave-front sensor. Computer simulations were used to validate these results. 相似文献
202.
Giustini M Murgia S Palazzo G 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(18):7381-7384
In 1955, Bowcott and Schulman coined the term microemulsions and, in passing, proposed a cosurfactant titration of interfaces tailored for water-in-oil systems (Bowcott, J. E.; Schulman, J. H. Z. Elektrochem. 1955, 59, 283). This procedure, elegant and inexpensive, is accomplished by dilution with both oil and cosurfactant up to the onset of microemulsion formation. The rationale they proposed for this method should furnish, with high accuracy, the composition of reverse micelles and continuous bulk in the presence of cosurfactant partition. The present paper demonstrates, by means of pulsed gradient spin-echo NMR, that the Schulman's titration quantitatively describes the cosurfactant partition and that the titration path really corresponds to a dilution path for reverse micelles (at constant composition) dispersed in a continuous bulk (at constant composition). 相似文献
203.
204.
Supermassive Black Holes are the most entropic objects found in the universe. The Holographic Bound (HB) to the entropy is used to constrain their formation time with initial masses 106–8
M
, as inferred from observations. We find that the entropy considerations are more limiting than causality for this direct formation. Later we analyze the possibility of SMBHs growing from seed black holes. The growth of the initial mass is studied in the case of accretion of pure radiation and quintessence fields, and we find that there is a class of models that may allow this metamorphosis. Our analysis generalizes recent work for some models of quintessence capable of producing a substantial growth in a short time, while simultaneously obeying the causal and Holographic Bound limits. 相似文献
205.
Mega MS Allegrini P Grigolini P Latora V Palatella L Rapisarda A Vinciguerra S 《Physical review letters》2003,90(18):188501
We study the statistical properties of time distribution of seismicity in California by means of a new method of analysis, the diffusion entropy. We find that the distribution of time intervals between a large earthquake (the main shock of a given seismic sequence) and the next one does not obey Poisson statistics, as assumed by the current models. We prove that this distribution is an inverse power law with an exponent mu=2.06+/-0.01. We propose the long-range model, reproducing the main properties of the diffusion entropy and describing the seismic triggering mechanisms induced by large earthquakes. 相似文献
206.
Cossu S Cimenti C Peluso P Paulon A De Lucchi O 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2001,40(21):4086-4089
207.
A 'chaos expansion' of the intersection local time functional of two independent Brownian motions in R
d
is given. The expansion is in terms of normal products of white noise (corresponding to multiple Wiener integrals). As a consequence of the local structure of the normal products, the kernel functions in the expansion are explicitly given and exhibit clearly the dimension dependent singularities of the local time functional. Their L
p
-properties are discussed. An important tool for deriving the chaos expansion is a computation of the 'S-transform' of the corresponding regularized intersection local times and a control about their singular limit. 相似文献
208.
Mariano Escobar M. Sergio Moreno Roberto J. Candal M. Claudia Marchi Pablo I. Polosecki Silvia Goyanes 《Applied Surface Science》2007,254(1):251-256
The effect of acetylene partial pressure on the structural and morphological properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesized by CVD on iron nanoparticles dispersed in a SiO2 matrix as catalyst was investigated. The general growing conditions were: 110 cm3/min flow rate, 690 °C synthesis temperature, 180 Torr over pressure and two gas compositions: 2.5% and 10% C2H2/N2. The catalyst and nanotubes were characterized by HR-TEM, SEM and DRX. TGA and DTA were also carried out to study degradation stages of synthesized CNTs. MWCNTs synthesized with low acetylene concentration are more regular and with a lower amount of amorphous carbon than those synthesized with a high concentration. During the synthesis of CNTs, amorphous carbon nanoparticles nucleate on the external wall of the nanotubes. At high acetylene concentration carbon nanoparticles grow, covering all CNTs’ surface, forming a compact coating. The combination of CNTs with this coating of amorphous carbon nanoparticles lead to a material with high decomposition temperature. 相似文献
209.
Sergio R. Calvo 《Surface science》2007,601(1):165-171
We investigate the reactivity of various PtxPdy combinations (with x + y = 10 and various x:y ratios) towards the adsorption of specific intermediates of the oxygen reduction, using the B3PW91 hybrid density functional theory. The reactivity is shown to be not only sensitive to the composition of the cluster, but also to the atomic distribution. The calculations indicate that two different ensembles: one ordered and one randomly mixed, with overall composition Pt3Pd7 are thermodynamically more favorable than pure Pt10 for the oxygen reduction reaction. The reasons for this behavior are clearly explained in terms of the atomic and electronic distribution, which makes the Pd atoms to act as electron donors both to Pt atoms and to the adsorbates, thus the reactivity of the Pd atoms in such environment becomes intermediate between Pt and Pd. Moreover, it is found that in a mixed Pt3Pd7 state the electronic distribution makes the average atom more similar to Pt than to Pd, whereas in an ordered Pt3Pd7 cluster, the average atom is more similar to Pd than to Pt. 相似文献
210.
Sergio Falcon 《Central European Journal of Mathematics》2011,9(6):1403-1410
We define the k-Fibonacci matrix as an extension of the classical Fibonacci matrix and relationed with the k-Fibonacci numbers. Then we give two factorizations of the Pascal matrix involving the k-Fibonacci matrix and two new matrices, L and R. As a consequence we find some combinatorial formulas involving the k-Fibonacci numbers. 相似文献