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31.
Sergej Pahor Janez Strnad 《Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (ZAMP)》1956,7(6):536-538
Summary The Nusselt modulus for laminar flow through a pipe with constant temperature of the walls has been determined as a function of the Peclet modulus. This function is represented by a diagram. 相似文献
32.
Elemental mapping of freeze-dried cryosections from biological cells was done using the energy window mode and the quantitative mode. Quantitative mapping requires long measuring times and high electron exposure resulting in inhomogeneous shrinkage and distortion of the cryosection. Collection of X-ray spectra for quantitative analysis of intracellular structures and compartments combined with energy window mapping was found to be sufficiently fast and reliable to reveal inhomogeneities of the element distribution in cells. However, this method is suitable only for mapping elements without overlapping peaks in the X-ray spectrum. 相似文献
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34.
Maul J Strachnov I Eberhardt K Karpuk S Passler G Trautmann N Wendt K Huber G 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2006,386(1):109-118
A combined setup for spatially resolved mass analysis of trace amounts of elements and macromolecules is presented. Using
a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, a laser spectroscopic setup for resonant ionization of neutral atoms has been implemented.
This allows for an efficient and selective detection of trace elements by means of resonance ionization mass spectrometry
(RIMS). The instrumental scheme is described, and methodological developments are presented. In a first application pure,
laser desorption/ionization with TOF-MS was used to measure mass distributions of cosmic nanodiamonds. For further applications
regarding the spatially resolved ultra-trace analysis of elements in solid samples, an implanted target was used to characterize
both laser desorption/ionization and laser desorption/resonance ionization for the detection of trace elements within. A perspective
of the setup is given and future investigations are outlined. 相似文献
35.
The (free) electron transfer (FET) from electron donor molecules to parent solvent radical cations of alkanes and alkyl chlorides exhibits mechanistic peculiarities that are conditioned by the low polarity of these solvents. Because of the negligible solvation of ions in such systems and the almost complete lack of an activation barrier, the electron jump takes place at the very first encounter of the reactants and, as such, in extremely short times of 相似文献
36.
Roland Duduchava Ralf Kirsch Sergej Rjasanow 《Journal of Mathematical Fluid Mechanics》2006,8(2):242-266
We present new estimates of the Boltzmann collision operator in weighted Lebesgue and Bessel potential spaces. The main focus
is put on hard potentials under the assumption that the angular part of the collision kernel fulfills some weighted integrability
condition. In addition, the proofs for some previously known
-estimates have been considerably shortened and carried out by elementary methods. For a class of metric spaces, the collision
integral is seen to be a continuous operator into the same space.
Furthermore, we give a new pointwise lower bound as well as asymptotic estimates for the loss term without requiring that
the entropy is finite. 相似文献
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39.
Pradnya Nalawade Sergej Naumov Sudhir Kapoor 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2013,26(11):870-878
The bimolecular electron transfer from p‐amino benzhydrazide (PABH) and its meta‐derivative (m‐amino benzhydrazide (MABH)) to specific one‐electron oxidant results in the formation of anilino radical. In case of PABH, reaction with ?OH radicals results in the synchronous formation of adduct as well as anilino radical. The interesting observation is that the yield of the anilino radical increases with increase in pH. The effect of substitution also has a significant effect on the formation of adduct. In case of MABH, significant yield of anilino radical gets form on reaction with ?OH radical. The free radical electron transfer from PABH and MABH to parent radical cation of non‐polar solvent also results in the formation of anilino radical only suggesting that the radical cation of PABH and MABH has short life time. The above results were supported by quantum chemical calculations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
40.
Silicon based deposits were prepared by TEA CO2 pulsed laser ablation (PLA) of SiO and SiO2 targets in the atmosphere of selected gases (N2, He, Ne, Ar, Kr). These deposits possess high specific area of several hundreds m2 per gram. Owing to the high specific area, some chemical groups and hydrogen related radical were detected by means of FTIR and EPR analyses and theoretical calculations: silyl (E′ center) Si, silylen Si:, silanon SiO, POL (peroxy linkage) SiOOSi and/or NBOHC (non-bridging oxygen hole center) SiO, POR (peroxy radical) SiOO and dioxysilirane Si(O)2. In SiO2 deposits the concentration of silyl Si resp. POR SiOO was determined to be 5.8 × 1018/g resp. 6.2 × 1019/g. In SiO deposits the ratio [Si:]:[Si] = (3.1-5.7) × 1019/g: (5.3-9.8) × 1019/g was measured. Estimated concentration of [Si] in deposits was increased nearly five times in comparison with SiO target. After exposure of the SiO deposits to H2 EPR doublet with hyperfine splitting of 7.7 mT was observed. The best agreement between calculated theoretical and experimental values was found for the model [(HO)3SiO]2HSi. FTIR measurements and calculations of the silanol theoretical model clusters enabled us to discuss the chemical surroundings of the silanol and to determine the defects in the deposits. 相似文献