Thermo-oxidative evaluation of new cardol derivatives as antioxidants for mineral oils

In this study, the thermo-oxidative stability of two new phosphorylated derivatives of cardol, a compound from the cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) industry waste CNSL (cashew nutshell liquid), were evaluated. The antioxidant capacity of these new molecules upon two mineral oils, NH10 and NH20 were also studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), observing the onset and offset temperatures variation. The results showed that both MP and DP Cardol increased considerably the onset and offset temperatures of NH10 and NH20 oils.     

Special Issue of Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing Scale-Up of Plasma Reactors for Bio,Chemical, Environmental,Materials, and Energy Applications

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing -     

ASBR Applied to the Treatment of Biodiesel Production Effluent: Effect of Organic Load and Fill Time on Performance and Methane Production

The effect of organic matter and fill time on anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (5 L, 30°C, 8-h cycles, 50 rpm) efficiency has been analyzed. Organic matter was increased by the influent concentration. Fill times investigated were in the batch mode and fed-batch followed by batch. In the batch mode organic matter removal were 93%, 81%, and 66% for influent concentration of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mgCOD/L (0.6, 1.29, and 2.44 gCOD/L.d), respectively. At 3,000 mgCOD/L (3.82 gCOD/L.d) operational stability could not be achieved. Removal efficiency was improved by increasing the fill time, and was 85% for the 1,000 mgCOD/L condition and fill times of 2 and 4 h, and 80 and 77% for the 2,000 mgCOD/L condition and fill times of 2 and 4 h, respectively. Hence, gradual feeding seemed to improve and to smooth the profiles of organic matter and volatile acids along the cycle with 78 to 96 NmLCH₄/gCOD.     

An Electrochemical DNA Biosensor for the Detection of the Apa I Polymorphism in the Vitamin D Receptor Gene Using Meldola's Blue as a Hybridization Indicator

Electrochemical detection of nucleic acid base mismatches related to Apa I single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the vitamin D receptor gene was performed successfully using 7‐dimethyl‐amino‐1,2‐benzophenoxazinium salt (Meldola's blue, MDB) with 10.9 pmol/100 μL of detection limit. MDB reduction signals obtained from probe, mismatch(probe‐SNP containing target) and hybrid(probe‐target) modified pencil graphite electrode(PGE) increased respectively. The sensor was able to clearly distinguish perfect match from mismatch DNA in a 30 min. detection time. Several factors affecting on the hybridization and indicator response are studied to maximize sensitivity and selectivity. The advantages of the biosensor are discussed in comparison with previous electrochemical assays for DNA hybridization.     

Parallel and k-out-of-n: G systems with nonidentical components and their mean residual life functions

A system with n independent components which has a k-out-of-n: G structure operates if at least k components operate. Parallel systems are 1-out-of-n: G systems, that is, the system goes out of service when all of its components fail. This paper investigates the mean residual life function of systems with independent and nonidentically distributed components. Some examples related to some lifetime distribution functions are given. We present a numerical example for evaluating the relationship between the mean residual life of the k-out-of-n: G system and that of its components.     

Green’s function,temperature in a convectively cooled sphere with arbitrarily located spherical heat sources

Steady state heat conduction in a convectively cooled sphere having arbitrarily located spherical heat sources inside is treated with the method of Green’s function accompanied by a coordinate transform. Green’s function of the heat diffusion operator for a finite sphere with Robin boundary condition is obtained by spherical harmonics expansion. Verification of the analytical solution is exemplified in some generic cases related to the pebbles of South-African PBMR as of year 2000 with 268 MW thermal power. Analytical results for different sectors of the sphere (pebble) are compared with the results of computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT^™. This work is motivated through a modest effort to assess the stochastic effects of distribution and volumetric effects of fuel kernels within the pebbles of future-promising pebble bed reactors.     

Comparative Methodology for Isolation of Flavonoid Glycosides from Clusia criuva Cambess

The family Guttiferae belongs to the superorder Theiflorae, order Theales and according to Dahlgren's system of classification, it is equivalent to Hypericaceae (=Clusiaceae) [1]. This family consists of 49 genera encompassing over 1000 species of wide distribution in the tropics as shrubs and trees [2]. Plants of the genus Clusia have been used in folk medicine for the treatment of different kind of illness such as: febrifuge, anti rheumatic, purgative, for stomach problems and, in Brazil, they are very commonly used to heal wounds [3]. The key of any study of material from natural sources is the availability of suitable separation methods for the isolation of pure products [4–6]. Tentatives for separations using chomatography on solid support phases were not very efficients in the fractionation of Clusia criuva Cambess methanolic/ethyl acetate extracts. However, the use of counter-current chromatography, an all liquid technique, showed advantages in comparison with the more traditional liquid-solid separation methods and even with HPLC. In this sense it was possible to isolate flavonoid glycosides from ethyl acetate extract of Clusia criuva, in a very short operation time.     

Some difference sequence spaces defined by a sequence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">ϕ</Emphasis> -functions

Abstract  In this paper, we introduce new difference sequence spaces combining with de la Vallee-Poussin mean using by a sequence of modulus functions and ϕ -functions. We also studied connections between statistically convergence related with this space. Keywords Difference sequence, Modulus function, ϕ -function, De la Vallee-Poussin means, Statistical convergence Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 46A45, 40F05, 46A80     

Untersuchung von Eiern und Eiwaren

Ohne Zusammenfassung