Two-dimensional structures of pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives at solid/liquid interface

Two-dimensional structures of pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives (PD) were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at solid/liquid interface. In order to tune the intervals of functional unit (hydrogen bonding site) in the molecule, the PD with different numbers and length of alkyl chain were designed and synthesized. STM observation at highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG)/1-phenyloctane interface revealed that the PD with four alkyl chains formed a columnar structure, and the alkyl chains were not interdigitated. By contrast, the PD with two alkyl chains formed similar columnar structure, whereas the alkyl chains were interdigitated. These structural features of the PD indicates that the intervals of the functional unit, i.e., hydrogen bonding sites in the PD can be controlled by changing not only the length but also the number of alkyl chains.     

Reduction of thermal fluctuations in a cryogenic laser interferometric gravitational wave detector

The thermal fluctuation of mirror surfaces is the fundamental limitation for interferometric gravitational wave (GW) detectors. Here, we experimentally demonstrate for the first time a reduction in a mirror's thermal fluctuation in a GW detector with sapphire mirrors from the Cryogenic Laser Interferometer Observatory at 17 and 18 K. The detector sensitivity, which was limited by the mirror's thermal fluctuation at room temperature, was improved in the frequency range of 90 to 240 Hz by cooling the mirrors. The improved sensitivity reached a maximum of 2.2×10(-19) m/√Hz at 165 Hz.     

盘型激光焊金属蒸汽特征色调-色饱和度-亮度分析法研究

对于大功率盘型激光焊,金属焊件表面在激光束辐射下强烈汽化并形成等离子体状的金属蒸汽羽状物. 该金属蒸汽羽状物可逆向激光束传输,对激光有明显的屏蔽作用, 降低激光辐射至焊件的能量密度,影响焊接效率和质量. 因此研究金属蒸汽特征变化规律及其与焊接质量之间的关联 ,可实现由金属蒸汽特征实时监测激光焊接状态. 以10 kW大功率盘型连续激光焊接304不锈钢钢板为试验对象, 应用高速摄像机摄取金属蒸汽动态图像,将其转换至色调-色饱和度-亮度空间, 提取金属蒸汽面积、激光束受影响路径长度等相关特征量, 以焊缝熔宽的变化作为衡量焊接状态稳定性的参数. 通过金属蒸汽特征值的均值统计和方差分析,试验证明根据金属蒸汽面积和激光束受影响路径长度等金属蒸汽特征可有效地反映熔宽质量, 从而对焊接状况做出动态评估.     

Movement of liquid gallium dispersing low concentration of temperature sensitive magnetic particles under magnetic field

In this work, a temperature sensitive functional fluid was synthesized, and then its movement under the influence of magnetic field was investigated. Silica coated FeNbVB particles, prepared by chemical synthesis, were dispersed into liquid gallium, because they have a relatively high magnetization and a high temperature dependency. The synthesized functional fluid (solid fraction of 0.3 mass%) showed temperature dependence for magnetization within the testing temperature range between 298 and 353 K. The movement of gallium based fluid under the influence of the magnetic field with a magnetic field gradient was observed at various temperatures. We found that at 318 K, fluid displacement of the synthesized functional fluid is better when compared with the fluid displacement at 348 K.     

Annihilation and creation of rotating waves by a local light pulse in a protoplasmic droplet of the Physarum plasmodium

Pattern dynamics plays a fundamental role in biological functions from cell to organ in living systems, and the appearance of rotating waves can lead to pathological situations. Basic dynamics of rotating waves of contraction-relaxation activity under local perturbation is studied in a newly developed protoplasmic droplet of the Physarum plasmodium. A light pulse is applied by irradiating circularly a quarter of the droplet showing a single rotating wave. The oscillation pattern changes abruptly only when the irradiation is applied at a part of the droplet near the maximal contraction. The abrupt changes are as follows: the rotating wave disappears or is displaced when the irradiation area is very close to the center of the rotating wave, while new rotating waves are created when the irradiation area is far from the center of the rotating wave. These results support the hypothesis that the phase response curve has a discontinuous change (type 0 resetting) from delay to advance around the maximal contraction. The significance of the results is discussed in relation to “vulnerability” in excitable media and biological systems in general.     

Effects of pressure and temperature on the solubility of monosodium L-glutamate monohydrate in water

Abstract

The solubility of monosodium L-glutamate monohydrate (MSG.H₂O) in water was measured at pressures in the range of 0.10-300MPa and 298.15K. The density of MSG solution at high concentrations and heat of solution at saturated concentration were also measured at atmospheric pressure. The solubility, m_s, increased with increasing pressure and the pressure coefficient, Θ_p, [?(? In m_s,? p)_T] at 0.10 MPa was (2.0 ± 0.1) × 10-¹⁰Pa-1. It agrees well with (2.1 ±0.2)× 10-¹⁰ Pa-¹ thermodynamically estimated using the partial molar volume, the activity coefficient of the solute in solution, and the molar volume of the crystal. The excellent agreement at 0.10MPa gives us confidence in the solubility data at higher pressures. The heat of solution data and other pertinent values were used to calculate the temperature coefficient of solubility, Θ_T [? (? In m_s/?(1/T))_p], by a thermodynamic equality. The resulting Θ_T compares well with the data directly measured by Ogawa.     

Reduced expression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">TAC1</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">PENK</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">SOCS2</Emphasis> in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hcrtr-2</Emphasis> mutated narcoleptic dog brain

Background  

Narcolepsy causes dramatic behavioral alterations in both humans and dogs, with excessive sleepiness and cataplexy triggered by emotional stimuli. Deficiencies in the hypocretin system are well established as the origin of the condition; both from studies in humans who lack the hypocretin ligand (HCRT) and in dogs with a mutation in hypocretin receptor 2 (HCRTR2). However, little is known about molecular alterations downstream of the hypocretin signals.     

Disk Noise Measurement System for Optical Disks

We developed a system to measure disk noise as a function of both radial and angular position. In order to obtain an accurate disk noise measurement, crosstalk and intersymbol interference were avoided by recording regularly repeating pit patterns and the influence of electronic and laser noise was removed by averaging techniques. We found the system’s mapping ability and its high sensitivity to be very useful in investigating disk noise phenomena in the mastering process. We used the system to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the photopolymerization replication and Al vapor deposition processes. Also, we investigated the choice of photoresist and found that photoresists with the combination of the narrowest molecular weight distribution and the highest photo-active compound content resulted in the lowest disk noise levels. Our system can, in principle, be adapted to evaluate magneto-optical and phase change disks.     

Signature of relations in mapping class groups and non-holomorphic Lefschetz fibrations

We introduce the notion of signature for relations in mapping class groups and show that the signature of a Lefschetz fibration over the 2-sphere is the sum of the signatures for basic relations contained in its monodromy. Combining explicit calculations of the signature cocycle with a technique of substituting positive relations, we give some new examples of non-holomorphic Lefschetz fibrations of genus and which violate slope bounds for non-hyperelliptic fibrations on algebraic surfaces of general type.