全文获取类型
收费全文 | 246346篇 |
免费 | 2915篇 |
国内免费 | 900篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 133024篇 |
晶体学 | 3718篇 |
力学 | 9960篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
数学 | 27653篇 |
物理学 | 75804篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 1868篇 |
2019年 | 2117篇 |
2018年 | 2554篇 |
2017年 | 2456篇 |
2016年 | 3965篇 |
2015年 | 2704篇 |
2014年 | 4033篇 |
2013年 | 11373篇 |
2012年 | 8344篇 |
2011年 | 10314篇 |
2010年 | 6731篇 |
2009年 | 6607篇 |
2008年 | 9215篇 |
2007年 | 9348篇 |
2006年 | 8573篇 |
2005年 | 8004篇 |
2004年 | 7138篇 |
2003年 | 6337篇 |
2002年 | 6247篇 |
2001年 | 7244篇 |
2000年 | 5413篇 |
1999年 | 4248篇 |
1998年 | 3576篇 |
1997年 | 3611篇 |
1996年 | 3350篇 |
1995年 | 3163篇 |
1994年 | 2969篇 |
1993年 | 3031篇 |
1992年 | 3327篇 |
1991年 | 3357篇 |
1990年 | 3164篇 |
1989年 | 3119篇 |
1988年 | 3183篇 |
1987年 | 3044篇 |
1986年 | 2943篇 |
1985年 | 4008篇 |
1984年 | 4167篇 |
1983年 | 3419篇 |
1982年 | 3783篇 |
1981年 | 3673篇 |
1980年 | 3547篇 |
1979年 | 3574篇 |
1978年 | 3803篇 |
1977年 | 3617篇 |
1976年 | 3823篇 |
1975年 | 3403篇 |
1974年 | 3526篇 |
1973年 | 3833篇 |
1972年 | 2331篇 |
1971年 | 1790篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
131.
In the present paper an analytical potential form is used for overlap repulsive energy, derived by Harrison from quantum mechanical considerations, along with the composite effect of three-body forces and intersublattice displacement. The short-range overlap parameters in Harrison's potential form have direct correlation with the valence state energies for outermost electrons. The potential model is applied to calculate the third and fourth order elastic constants, first and second pressure derivatives of second order elastic constants, Grüneisen parameter and its volume dependence, Anderson parameter, and thermal expansion coefficient for three non-centrosymmetric crystals, viz. CaF2, SrF2 and BaF2. The calculated values of various physical quantities are found to be in good agreement with experimental data.The authors are grateful to Dr. Mansour Khalef, the Head of Physics Department, TNRC, Tajura (Tripoli) for the facilities and encouragements. 相似文献
132.
R. J. Vanderbei 《Mathematical Programming》1989,43(1-3):31-44
The affine-scaling modification of Karmarkar's algorithm is extended to solve problems with free variables. This extended primal algorithm is used to prove two important results. First the geometrically elegant feasibility algorithm proposed by Chandru and Kochar is the same algorithm as the one obtained by appending a single column of residuals to the constraint matrix. Second the dual algorithm as first described by Adler et al., is the same as the extended primal algorithm applied to the dual. 相似文献
133.
A new geometrical method to determine the surface damage threshold for ultrashort pulses is presented. It consists in the formation of a surface damage profile by a movement of the sample across the laser beam focus. A single measurement of the maximum transversal dimension of this damage profile, which depends solely on the laser beam power, is used to calculate the local damage threshold intensity. It is also theoretically shown that the damage in the transverse dimension can be controlled under the diffraction-limited spot. 相似文献
134.
The consequences of Ge deposition on Br-terminated Si(1 0 0) were studied with scanning tunneling microscopy at ambient temperature after annealing at 650 K. One monolayer of Br was sufficient to prevent the formation of Ge huts beyond the critical thickness of 3 ML. This is possible because Br acts as a surfactant whose presence lowered the diffusivity of Ge adatoms. Hindered mobility was manifest at low coverage through the formation of short Ge chains. Further deposition resulted in the extension and connection of the Ge chains and gave rise to the buildup of incomplete layers. The deposition of 7 ML of Ge resulted in a rough surface characterized by irregularly shaped clusters. A short 800 K anneal desorbed the Br and allowed Ge atoms to reorganize into the more energetically favorable “hut” structures produced by conventional Ge overlayer growth on Si(1 0 0). 相似文献
135.
R. J. Hinde 《Few-Body Systems》2006,38(2-4):187-191
We compute the vibrational coupling between two H2 molecules from ab initio quantum chemical calculations of the H2-H2 potential carried out at the full configuration interaction level of theory using the atom-centered aug-cc-pVTZ basis set
for hydrogen. We compare the full configuration interaction results with those obtained using two variants of coupled cluster
theory and find that a fully iterative treatment of connected triples may be required to estimate the H2-H2 vibrational coupling accurately using coupled cluster theory. 相似文献
136.
More than 250 rotationally resolved vibrational bands of the A2B2-X2A1 electronic transition of 15NO2 have been observed in the 14 300-18 000 cm−1 range. The bands have been recorded in a recently constructed setup designed for high resolution spectroscopy of jet cooled molecules by combining time gated fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular beam techniques. The majority of the observed bands has been rotationally assigned and can be identified as transitions starting from the vibrational ground state or from vibrationally excited (hot band) states. An exceptionally strong band is located at 14 851 cm−1 and studied in more detail as a typical benchmark transition to monitor 15NO2 in atmospheric remote sensing experiments. Standard rotational fit routines provide band origins, rotational and spin rotation constants. A subset of 177 vibronic levels of 2B2 vibronic symmetry has been analyzed in the energy range between 14 300 and 17 250 cm−1, in terms of integrated density and using Next Neighbor Distribution. It is found that the overall statistical properties and polyad structure of 15NO2 are comparable to those of 14NO2 but that the internal structures of the polyads are completely different. This is a direct consequence of the X2A1-A2B2 vibronic mixing. 相似文献
137.
Thin Ca films were evaporated on Si(1 1 1) under UHV conditions and subsequently annealed in the temperature range 200–650 °C. The interdiffusion of Ca and Si was examined by ex situ Auger depth profiling. In situ monitoring of the Si 2p core-level shift by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to study the silicide formation process. The formation temperature of CaSi2 films on Si(1 1 1) was found to be about 350 °C. Epitaxial growth takes place at T≥400 °C. The morphology of the films, measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), was correlated with their crystallinity as analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to measurements of temperature-dependent I–V characteristics and internal photoemission the Schottky-barrier height of CaSi2 on Si(1 1 1) amounts to qΦBn=0.25 eV on n-type and to qΦBp=0.82 eV on p-type silicon. 相似文献
138.
In this paper, we explore the interplay of four different conjectures on certain zero-sum problems in Zp Zp. This study of the inter-relations between these conjectures leads to the conclusion that determining the structure of minimal zero sequences (see below for the precise definition) is crucial. Also, we study the analogous situation in Zn. 相似文献
139.
A. R. Volkov B. V. Shul'gin T. I. Polupanova V. N. Lebedev A. A. Nagornyi V. L. Petrov Yu. F. Kargin 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》1991,54(6):585-590
Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 970–975, June, 1991. 相似文献
140.
A firm's logistics cost, including shipping and inventory-carrying, is a substantial percentage of its sales. Nevertheless, typical inventory-control methods ignore or insufficiently represent the shipping cost. This paper describes a recursive algorithm that determines the reorder cycle-time that minimizes total logistics cost. It allows for a realistic accounting of shipping cost, which is modelled here as a function of shipping distance and weight. The algorithm uses a relaxation procedure to identify a suitable initial approximation to the optimal order cycle-time and then, through a series of recursive steps, moves to the optimal result. We demonstrate the algorithm with a single item, with a group of items that share a common order cycle, and with multi-items when item demands are random variables. Experience with this algorithm indicates that it converges to the optimal result in a very few steps. 相似文献