Determination of unsteady heat release distribution from acoustic pressure measurements: a reformulation of the inverse problem

An integral method is developed to solve the inverse problem of determining the oscillatory heat release distribution from the knowledge of the acoustic pressure field within a combustor. Unlike earlier approaches, in which the problem is formulated in terms of Fredholm integral equation, the inverse problem is reformulated in terms of Volterra integral equation. This reformulation, valid for low Mach numbers (M2 < 1), facilitates the recovery of heat release at all frequencies. The resulting Volterra integral equation is solved using both direct numerical method and implicit least-squares method. The results show that the implicit least-squares method is superior to the direct numerical method and yields accurate determination of heat release at all frequencies.     

Photon interaction cross-sections and anomalous scattering factors of Cu and Ag

Total attenuation cross sections of copper and silver have been measured in the energy range 5 to 85 keV in a narrow beam good geometry set up using X- andγ-rays emitted from radio isotopes, by employing a high resolution hyper pure germanium detector. From the measured values, the photoeffect cross-sections have been derived by subtracting a small contribution of the sum of the theoretical coherent and incoherent scattering cross sections. The photoeffect cross-sections so obtained are found to be in better agreement with the unrenormalized values of Scofield [10]. These photoeffect cross-sections have been used to evaluate the dispersion corrections (also called anomalous scattering factors)f ⁺ andf″ for the forward Rayleigh scattering amplitude by a numerical evaluation of the dispersion integral that relates them at the energies at which the cross-sections have been measured. To thef ⁺ values so obtained, the relativistic corrections proposed by different investigators are included separately and the valuesf′ so obtained are compared with the available data and discussed. Possible conclusions are drawn from the present study.     

Conversion from a π to a σ structure on replacing oxygen by sulphur: an ESR study

The radical cations of 1,3-dioxacylohexane and 1,3-dioxacyclopentane have π-structures involving delocalisation within the [-OCH₂O-]⁺ unit with high spin-density on the CH₂ group, whilst, in complete contrast, the corresponding sulphur derivatives have a weak σ bond between the two sulphur atoms, the unpaired electron being in the σ^* orbital with negligible spin-density on the CH₂ group.     

Mixed metal complexes of iron-molybdenum with 8-quinolinolate and dithiocarbamates

Summary Iron-molybdenum heterometallic complexes, FeMoO₂R₄-(H₂O) (R=8-quinolinolate, diethyldithiocarbamate, 4-morpholinyl-dithiocarbamate and piperidinyldithiocarbamate), have been prepared from iron(III) molybdate. T.l.c. and x-ray diffraction studies indicate that the complexes are discrete species. The complexes are non-electrolytes in dimethylformamide. Magnetic measurements suggest that the iron and molybdenum are in the III and V oxidation states, respectively, with octahedral geometry around each atom. I.r. spectral studies indicate the presence of MoO³⁺ and FeOMo bridges and the monoionic bidentate nature of the ligands. Electronic spectral and thermal decomposition studies on these complexes are reported.     

Selective extractive separation of zinc, cadmium and lead from iodide media with mesityl oxide

The extractive separation of zinc, cadmium and lead with mesityl oxide has been investigated as a function of iodide concentration and acidity. The recovery of these metals from the organic phase by back-extraction and the behaviour of other elements under the optimal conditions established for each metal ion have been examined. The method developed has been applied to the separation of these metals from rock samples before determination by spectrophotometry.