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171.
Sebastian?BreuerEmail author Katrin?Pech Armin?Buss Christoph?Spitzer Juris?Ozols Elly?M?Hol Nicole?Heussen Johannes?Noth Franz-Werner?Schwaiger Andreas?B?Schmitt 《BMC neuroscience》2004,5(1):15
Background
Interruption of mature axons activates a cascade of events in neuronal cell bodies which leads to various outcomes from functional regeneration in the PNS to the failure of any significant regeneration in the CNS. One factor which seems to play an important role in the molecular programs after axotomy is the stearoyl Coenzyme A-desaturase-1 (SCD-1). This enzyme is needed for the conversion of stearate into oleate. Beside its role in membrane synthesis, oleate could act as a neurotrophic factor, involved in signal transduction pathways via activation of protein kinases C. 相似文献172.
Sebastian J. Schreiber 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2004,132(10):3047-3053
Maps of the nonnegative cone of into itself are considered where are nonnegative, primitive matrices with nondecreasing entries and at least one increasing entry. Let denote the dominant eigenvalue of and . These maps are shown to exhibit a dynamical trichotomy. First, if , then for all nonzero . Second, if , then for all . Finally, if and 1$">, then there exists a compact invariant hypersurface separating . For below , , while for above, . An application to nonlinear Leslie matrices is given.
173.
We consider smooth multimodal maps which have finitely many non-flat critical points. We prove the existence of real bounds. From this we obtain a new proof for the non-existence of wandering intervals, derive extremely useful improved Koebe principles, show that high iterates have `negative Schwarzian derivative' and give results on ergodic properties of the map. One of the main complications in the proofs is that we allow to have inflection points.
174.
Zhang J Frankevich V Knochenmuss R Friess SD Zenobi R 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2003,14(1):42-50
The mechanisms of the reduction of Cu(II) in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) are studied. In MALDI mass spectra, ions cationized by copper mostly contain Cu(I) even if Cu(II) salts are added to the sample. It was found that Cu(II) was reduced to Cu(I) by gas-phase charge exchange with matrix molecules, which is a thermodynamically favorable process. Under some conditions, large amounts of free electrons are present in the plume. Cu(II) can be even more efficiently reduced to Cu(I) by free electron capture in the gas phase. The matrices studied in this work are nicotinic acid, dithranol, and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. 相似文献
175.
We study the expansion of derivatives along orbits of real and complex one-dimensional mapsf, whose Julia setJ
f attracts a finite setCrit of non-flat critical points. Assuming that for eachcεCrit, either |D f
n(f(c))|→∞ (iff is real) orb
n·|Df
n(f(c))|→∞ for some summable sequence {b
n} (iff is complex; this is equivalent to summability of |D f
n(f(c))|−1), we show that for everyxεJ
f\U
i
f
−i(Crit), there existℓ(x)≤max
c
ℓ(c) andK′(x)>0
for infinitely manyn. Here 0=n
s<…<n
1<n
0=n are so-called critical times,c
i is a point inCrit (or a repelling periodic point in the boundary of the immediate basin of a hyperbolic periodic attractor), which shadows
orb(x) forn
i−ni
+1 iterates, and
, for uniform constantsK>0 and λ>1. If allcεCrit have the same critical order, thenK′(x) is uniformly bounded away from 0. Several corollaries are derived. In the complex case, eitherJ
f=
orJ
f has zero Lebesgue measure. Also (assuming all critical points have the same order) there existk>0 such that ifn is the smallest integer such thatx enters a certain critical neighbourhood, then |Df
n(x)|≥k.
The original paper used an incorrect version of the Koebe Lemma cited from [21] as was pointed out by the referee and Genadi
Levin in the autumn of 2001. The corrected version of November 2001 only uses the classical Koebe Lemma. Apparently, all results
in Feliks Przytycki’s paper [21] go through using the classical Koebe Lemma instead of his Lemma 1.2.
Both authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the PRODYN program of the European Science Foundation. HB was partially
supported by a fellowship of The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). SvS was partially supported by GR/M82714/01. 相似文献
176.
Let be a -adic field. It is well-known that has only finitely many extensions of a given finite degree. Krasner has given formulae for the number of extensions of a given degree and discriminant. Following his work, we present an algorithm for the computation of generating polynomials for all extensions of a given degree and discriminant.
177.
The evolution of ferromagnetic order in high-energy ball-milled Al–1 at% Fe before the onset of a considerable Fe–Al solid solution phase has been investigated using 57Fe Mössbauer and bulk magnetization studies. The unmilled sample does not exhibit bulk magnetic properties and an onset of bulk magnetization is observed only after 30 min of milling, when the grain size becomes comparable to the ferromagnetic exchange length. The Curie temperatures of all the samples are less than that of pure iron. The reduction in grain size is accompanied by an increase in coercivity and reduced remanence and a decrease in TC. The effective magnetic moment per iron atom decreases with the development of a non-magnetic, Al-rich Fe–Al solution on longer milling. The clustering of Fe at grain boundaries is responsible for the observed bulk magnetic ordering. The systematic variation of the magnetic properties has been qualitatively correlated with the evolution of microstructure, reduction in grain size and enhanced inter-granular exchange coupling. 相似文献
178.
Andreas Baumann Anna Erbacher Camilla Evangelisti Prof. Thomas M. Klapötke Dr. Burkhard Krumm Sebastian F. Rest Martin Reynders Véronique Sproll 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(46):15627-15638
Various energetic polynitro esters, carbamates, and nitrocarbamates that were derived from the amino acid glycine were fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Owing to their positive oxygen balance, the suitability of these compounds as potential oxidizers in energetic formulations was investigated and discussed. In addition, the heats of formation of the products were calculated by using the Gaussian 09 program package at the CBS‐4M level of theory. From these values and the calculated densities (from the X‐ray data), several detonation parameters, such as detonation pressure, velocity, energy, and temperature, were computed by using the EXPLO5 code. Furthermore, their sensitivities towards impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge were tested by using a drop hammer, a friction tester (both BAM certified), and a small‐scale electrical‐discharge device, respectively. 相似文献
179.
Chetan R. Singh Gaurav Gupta Ruth Lohwasser Sebastian Engmann Jens Balko Mukundan Thelakkat Thomas Thurn‐Albrecht Harald Hoppe 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2013,51(12):943-951
A series of well‐defined poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s (P3HT) of different molecular weight (MW) and high regioregularity was investigated for charge transport properties in as‐cast and melt‐crystallized films. The semicrystalline structure of the P3HT was characterized by X‐ray scattering and Atomic force microscopy. Crystallization by cooling from the melt led to a substantial increase in crystallinity and a stronger alignment of the crystals in comparison to as‐cast films. The increase in crystallinity went along with an increase in hole mobility of up to an order of magnitude as measured by the space charge limited current method. Additionally, the hole mobility depended on the long period of P3HT lamellae and consequently on the MW. In compliance with the long period, the charge carrier mobility first increased with the MW before decreasing again at the onset of chain folding. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013 , 51, 943–951 相似文献
180.
The aim of this paper is to expand the methodological spectrum of socially responsible investing by introducing stochastic sustainability returns into safety first models for portfolio choice. We provide a foundation of the notion of sustainability in portfolio theory and establish a general model for generalized safety first portfolio management with probabilistic constraints and three specifications of it. Moreover, we prove theorems about conditions for unique optimal solutions and for the constraints of one model being more restrictive than those of another. In an empirical part, we calculate the costs of investing according to our approach in terms of less financial return. 相似文献