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61.
Sanghan Lee Wooyoung Jin Su Hwan Kim Se Hun Joo Gyutae Nam Pilgun Oh Young‐Ki Kim Sang Kyu Kwak Jaephil Cho 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(31):10588-10595
Oxygen vacancies (OV) are native defects in transition metal (TM) oxides and their presence has a critical effect on the physicochemical properties of the oxide. Metal oxides are commonly used in lithium‐ion battery (LIB) cathodes and there is still a lack of understanding of the role of OVs in LIB research field. Here, we report on the behavior of OVs in a single‐crystal LIB cathode during the non‐equilibrium states of charge and discharge. We found that microcrack evolution in a single crystal occurs due to OV condensation in specific crystallographic orientations generated by the continuous migration of OVs and TM ions. Moreover, understanding the effects of the presence and diffusion of OVs in metal oxides enables the elucidation of most of the conventional mechanisms of capacity fading in LIBs and provides new insights for new electrochemical applications. 相似文献
62.
The problem of RNA genomes packaged inside spherical viruses is studied. The RNA-capsid attraction is assumed to be nonspecific and occurs at the inner capsid surface only. For weak attraction, RNA concentration is maximum at the center of the capsid to maximize their configurational entropy. For stronger attraction, RNA concentration peaks near the capsid surface. In the latter case, the competition between the branching of RNA secondary structure and its adsorption to the inner capsid results in the formation of a dense layer of RNA near capsid surface. The layer thickness is a slowly varying (logarithmic) function of the capsid inner radius. Consequently, the amount of RNA packaged is proportional to the capsid area (or the number of proteins) instead of its volume. The numerical profiles describe reasonably well the observed RNA concentration profiles of various viruses. 相似文献
63.
An expedient oxidative phosphorylation of pyrroles has been disclosed. The reaction of dialkyl phosphite and pyrrole in the presence of AgNO3/K2S2O8 in DMF/H2O (8:1) produced pyrrole-2-phosphonates in good yields. In the absence of dialkyl phosphite, γ-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactam derivative was formed as a major product. 相似文献
64.
Hyun‐Chul Kim Eunjoo Kim Se Guen Lee Sung Jun Lee Hyunmin Kim Sang Won Jeong 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2014,52(4):582-589
Thiol‐responsive micelles consisting of novel nonionic gemini surfactants with a cystine disulfide spacer are reported. The gemini surfactants, (C18‐Cys‐mPEG)2 and ((C18)2‐Lys‐Cys‐mPEG)2, were synthesized from polyethylene glycol, cysteine, and stearic acid, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography. (C18‐Cys‐mPEG)2 and ((C18)2‐Lys‐Cys‐mPEG)2 formed micelles with average diameters of 13 and 22 nm above the critical micelle concentration of 6.5 and 4.7 µg mL?1, respectively. The micelles of ((C18)2‐Lys‐Cys‐mPEG)2 containing more stearoyl groups showed encapsulated more hydrophobic indomethacin (IMC) with higher entrapment efficiencies than those of (C18‐Cys‐mPEG)2. The gemini surfactant micelles exhibited an accelerated release of encapsulated IMC with the concentration of the reducing agent, glutathione (GSH), whereas they were unaffected by the presence of reduced GSH (GSSG). The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)?2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)?2H‐tetrazolium studies revealed the noncytotoxic nature of the gemini surfactant micelles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 582–589 相似文献
65.
Se Hoon Ki Somin Sin Jae-Ho Shin Young Wan Kwon Myoung Won Chae Han Sup Uhm Ku Youn Baik Eun Ha Choi 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2018,38(5):937-952
The studies with proteins are necessary to understand the biological effects of atmospheric pressure plasma (APP). Among proteins, those with transient metal ions play key roles in many biological events and they are very sensitive to environmental redox states. Iron-containing hemoglobin (Hb) is investigated in this study, after APP treatments under two environmental gas conditions of pure N2 and N2?+?O2 mixture. Monitoring the intensity change for absorption spectra could lead to a quantitative assessment of the effect of discharge plasma on Hb. Redox states of Hb are classified into five states including O2-bound Hb (oxy-Hb), deoxy-Hb, met-Hb, NO-bound Hb (NO-Hb), and hemichrome. Chemically generated reactive species and some scavengers are applied to understand the chemical reactions. Our experimental results confirm the complex chemical reactions of APP and suggest the possible use of Hb as a model protein for the visualization of APP biological effects. 相似文献
66.
Propagation of Enzyme‐Induced Surface Events inside Polymer Nanoassemblies for a Fast and Tunable Response
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Dr. Jiaming Zhuang Dr. Hatice Seçinti Bo Zhao Prof. Dr. S. Thayumanavan 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(24):7111-7115
We report a new molecular design strategy that allows for the propagation of surface enzymatic events inside a supramolecular assembly for accelerated molecular release. The approach addresses a key shortcoming encountered with many of the currently available enzyme‐induced disassembly strategies, which rely on the unimer–aggregate equilibria of amphiphilic assemblies. The enzymatic response of the host to predictably tune the kinetics of guest‐molecule release can be programmed by controlling substrate accessibility through electrostatic complexation with a complementary polymer. Accelerated guest release in response to the enzyme is shown to be accomplished by a cooperative mechanism of enzyme‐triggered supramolecular host disassembly and host reorganization. 相似文献
67.
Fast gas chromatography combined with surface acoustic wave sensor (GC/SAW) has been applied for the detection of volatile aroma compounds emanated from thymus medicinal plants such as T. quinquecostotus (Jeju and Mt. Gaya in South Korea), T. quinquecostotus var. japonica (Ulreung island in South Korea), T. mongolicus (Northeastern Asia), and T. serpyllum (Europe). The GC/SAW involving the fragrance pattern analysis provides a novel analytical method with a very fast separation and characterization of aromas caused by the delicate difference of chemical composition according to botanical and geographical origin. On the comparison of experiments, the characteristic components and analytical tendency for air-dried thymus species detected by GC/SAW appear to be quite similar to those obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC-MS, but the abundance ratios between these two methods are different. In addition to that, the discrimination of various thymus species by using VaporPrint image based on GC/SAW provides a quite reliable result. On the basis of principal component analysis (PCA) results, the ability for classification among species of completely different chemotypes by HS-SPME-GC-MS is good enough, but the classification of same chemotypes species which are from different geographical origin in same country, original species and its variety, an air-drying term for 13 days and 16 months appear much lower than GC/SAW. Interestingly, the present experiment reveals that the air-drying term influences the aroma composition: the concentration of the pharmacologically active species, monoterpene phenol (thymol), reaches its highest concentrations after it was dried for 5 days or 13 days, which is much higher than in fresh or over-dried for a long times. 相似文献
68.
Hyeon Woo Cho Ju Won Kim Sharon Mugobera Roseong Park Jihyuk Jung Jang Myoun Ko Kwang Se Lee 《中国化学会会志》2023,70(11):1965-1971
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HwBKP) are produced via enzymatic, chemical, and mechanical treatment. A nanoporous structured CNF-based separator is produced, and the electrochemical performance, morphology, and thermal stability analyses are performed in comparison to the commercial polyethylene separator. The results obtained show that the electrolyte-philic CNF separator has capacity retention of 88.6% over 200 cycles and very good ionic conductivity and wettability results due to its high hydrophilic nature. At 140°C, the CNF separator was resilient to heat and remained intact. The CNF separator reflects high thermal resistance and good electrolyte uptake properties that are among the mandatory requirements of a separator hence, a promising contender for use in lithium-ion batteries. 相似文献
69.
Yoon TJ Kim JY Kim H Hong C Lee H Lee CK Lee KH Hong S Park SH 《Experimental & molecular medicine》2008,40(1):130-144
As a part of our ongoing search for a safe and efficient anti-tumor vaccine, we attempted to determine whether the molecular nature of certain tumor antigens would influence immune responses against tumor cells. As compared with freeze-thawed or formaldehyde-fixed tumor antigens, heat-denatured tumor antigens elicited profound anti-tumor immune responses and greatly inhibited the growth of live tumor cells. The heat-denatured tumor antigens induced a substantial increase in the anti-tumor CTL response in the absence of any adjuvant material. This response appears to be initiated by strong activation of the antigen-presenting cells, which may recognize heat-denatured protein antigens. Upon recognition of the heat-denatured tumor antigens, macrophages and dendritic cells were found to acutely upregulate the expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as B7.2, as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF-alpha. The results of this study indicate that heat-denatured tumor extracts might elicit protective anti-tumor adaptive immune responses and also raise the possibility that a safe and efficient adjuvant-free tumor vaccine might be developed in conjunction with a dendritic cell-based tumor vaccine. 相似文献
70.
We disclose a controlled phosphorescence color tuning in a series of cyclometalated heteroleptic IrIII complexes (IrIII bis(2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridinato- C,N (2'))(LX)) containing chromophoric 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)oxazole-derivative ancillary ligands (LX). From a cyclometalated chloride-bridged IrIII dimer, three highly emissive cyclometalated heteroleptic IrIII complexes were obtained in good yields, each with a different conjugative plane in the chromophoric ancillary ligand (i.e., 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyloxazole, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methylbenzoxazole, and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)naphthoxazole). The three IrIII complexes showed highly efficient greenish blue (500 nm), green (525 nm), and yellow (552 nm) phosphorescence, respectively; a regular ca. 0.11 eV bathochromic shift was observed for each additional phenyl ring fused to the oxazole ring in the ancillary ligand. From the absorption, electrochemical measurements, static and transient photoluminescence (PL), and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations, it can be concluded that the IrIII complexes have a single emission center with dual excitation paths. Finally, this characteristic energy-harvesting phosphorescence was further demonstrated in electrophosphorescence devices. 相似文献