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211.
Phase transfer catalvsis, PTC, has become a common preparative method in organic chemistry. Numerous aliphatic substitution reactions have been performed yielding cvanides,1 azides,2 thiocyanates,3 ethers,4 and many other types of substitution products.1 相似文献
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Ann M. Tickner G. Kris Huang Kerry Gombatz Robert J. Mills Vance Novack Kevin S. Webb 《合成通讯》2013,43(16):2497-2505
Two efficient syntheses of methyl 4-mercaptobenzoate are described, one utilizing the dianion of 4-bromothiophenol, the other a SNAr reaction starting with 4-fluorobenzonitrile. 相似文献
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An efficient synthesis of 3-alkyl 1,5,3-dioxazepanes was developed for subsequent use in double-Mannich reactions with a variety of carbon-based nucleophiles. It was found that addition of methyltrichlorosilane to the dioxazepane led to a long-lasting reactive species that reacted rapidly with acid-sensitive ketones and β-ketoesters to afford azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes in good yield. 相似文献
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Reactivity Ratios and Sequence Distribution Characterization by Quantitative 13C NMR for RAFT Synthesis of Styrene‐Acrylonitrile Copolymers 下载免费PDF全文
Md. Mahbub Alam Hui Peng Kevin S. Jack David J. T. Hill Andrew K. Whittaker 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2017,55(5):919-927
The kinetics and reactivity ratios of styrene‐acrylonitrile (SA) copolymerization have been studied extensively in bulk and in a variety of solution media using conventional free radical polymerizations (FRPs). Due to the significant difference in the two reactivity ratios for this monomer pair, at certain feed ratios the copolymers display composition drift with conversion due to monomer depletion. In this study, the kinetics of SA copolymerization using Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) has been studied in bulk at 80 °C. The reactivity ratios for the terminal model were calculated from the comonomer sequence distributions for the RAFT process at low conversion for nine different compositions and found to be in the same range as those reported for conventional FRP of SA. The changes in the composition and sequence distribution with conversion were studied for three feed compositions. The copolymers show compositional drift with conversion, except at the azeotropic composition, and match the predictions from the reactivity ratios obtained at low conversion. From quantitative 13C NMR the triad distributions of these copolymers were estimated and found to match the predicted triad distributions as conversion increased. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 919–927 相似文献
219.
Tomáš Skála František Šutara Kevin C. Prince Vladimír Matolín 《Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena》2009
Cerium oxide layers grown on Cu(1 1 1) were studied by conventional X-ray and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. A quantitative method of determining the cerium chemical state from the Ce 3d photoelectron spectra is described in detail. After the preparation of the ceria layer, Sn films of different thickness were evaporated onto the surface at temperatures of 120, 300 and 520 K. In all three cases, the deposited Sn was oxidized, CeO2 was partially reduced, and a mixed Sn–Ce–O oxide was formed. The quantitative extent of these reactions was found to be determined by limited diffusion of the deposited Sn atoms into the ceria layer at low temperature. The excess of tin formed a metallic overlayer on the sample surface. 相似文献
220.
Lauren Tedmon Jeremy S. Barnes Hien P. Nguyen Kevin A. Schug 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2013,24(3):399-409
Steroid hormones and their metabolites are currently undergoing clinical trials as potential therapeutics for traumatic brain injury (TBI). To support this work, it is necessary to develop improved procedures for differentiating isobaric species in this compound class. Equilin sulfate (E-S), estrone sulfate (E1-S), 17α-dihydroequilin sulfate (ADHE-S), and 17β-dihydroequilin sulfate (BDHE-S) are primary constituents in hormone replacement therapies, such as Premarin, which are among pharmaceuticals being investigated for TBI treatment. The latter three compounds are isomers and can be difficult to differentiate in trace analytical determinations. In this work, a systematic study of the fragmentation of ADHE-S, BDHE-S, E1-S, and E-S under different stages of higher order tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) and variation of collision energy, allowed optimization of conditions for distinguishing the isomeric structures. For epimeric variants (e.g., ADHE-S versus BDHE-S; α- versus β-stereoisomerization in the C-17 position), differentiation was achieved at MS4 and fragmentation was demonstrated through MS5. Computational analysis was performed to further explore differences in the fragmentation pathways due to changes in stereochemistry. 相似文献