Nonlinear theory of nonparaxial laser pulse propagation in plasma channels

Nonparaxial propagation of ultrashort, high-power laser pulses in plasma channels is examined. In the adiabatic limit, pulse energy conservation, nonlinear group velocity, damped betatron oscillations, self-steepening, self-phase modulation, and shock formation are analyzed. In the nonadiabatic limit, the coupling of forward Raman scattering (FRS) and the self-modulation instability (SMI) is analyzed and growth rates are derived, including regimes of reduced growth. The SMI is found to dominate FRS in most regimes of interest.     

Die Beziehung zwischen den Minderkomponenten von normalem Gesamth?moglobin erwachsener Menschen, wie sie durch Chromatographie und St?rkeblock-Elektrophorese isoliert wurden

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Crystallographic studies of the role of Mg as a stabilizing impurity in β-Ca3(PO4)2. II. Refinement of Mg-containing β-Ca3(PO4)2

The crystal structures of five samples of Mg-containing β-tricalcium orthophosphate, β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂, have been refined and the Mg-impurity distribution has been examined. Typically, ～7500 reflections were measured and merged into a unique set of ～2500. Least-squares refinements with anisotropic temperature factors (and third cumulants for some atoms) produced weighted residuals, R_w(F), in the region of 0.02 to 0.04. Three of the five cation sites are always completely filled with calcium ions, a fourth site with Ca and Mg ions, and the fifth site contains Ca, Mg, and vacancies. Local order may exist because the sizes of the coordinations about the two Mg-containing cation sites are directly related by the orientation of phosphate group P(2)O₄ such that a small ion in one site favors the incorporation of a small ion in the other site.     

High field magnetoresistance of orientedcrystallites of AuPb2

High field magnetoresistance measurements have been made on samples of AuPb₂, which consist of islands of oriented AuPb₂ surrounded by eutectic mixture. The results obtained are very similar to what would be expected for single crystal samples. Open orbits are observed in 〈100〉, 〈110〉, 〈101〉, 〈112〉 and 〈211〉 and [001] directions. The results are consistent with predictions of the Nearly Free Electron Model.