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201.
Dr. Loïc Leclercq Adrien Mouret Prof. Dr. Anna Proust Dr. Véronique Schmitt Dr. Pierre Bauduin Prof. Dr. Jean‐Marie Aubry Prof. Dr. Véronique Nardello‐Rataj 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,18(45):14352-14358
Decyl‐, dodecyl‐, and tetradecyltrimethylammonium cations were combined with the catalytic polyoxometalate [PW12O40]3? anion to give spherical and monodisperse nanoparticles that are able to stabilize emulsions in the presence of water and an aromatic solvent. This triphasic liquid/solid/liquid system, based on a catalytic surfactant, is particularly efficient as a reaction medium for epoxidation reactions that involve hydrogen peroxide. The reactions proceed at competitive rates with straightforward separation of the phases by centrifugation. Such catalytic “Pickering” emulsions combine the advantages of heterogeneous catalysis and biphasic catalysis without the drawbacks (e.g., catalyst leaching or separation time). 相似文献
202.
We theoretically analyze the temperature behavior of paraxial light in thermal equilibrium with a dye-filled optical microcavity. At low temperatures the photon gas undergoes Bose-Einstein condensation, and the photon number in the cavity ground state becomes macroscopic with respect to the total photon number. Owing to a grand-canonical excitation exchange between the photon gas and the dye molecule reservoir, a regime with unusually large fluctuations of the condensate number is predicted for this system that is not observed in present atomic physics Bose-Einstein condensation experiments. 相似文献
203.
C. BrecherR. Schmitt P. Loosen V. GuerreroN. Pyschny A. PavimA. Gatej 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2012,50(2):287-292
Nowadays, the assembly of laser systems is dominated by manual operations, involving elaborate alignment by means of adjustable mountings. From a competition perspective, the most challenging problem in laser source manufacturing is price pressure, a result of cost competition exerted mainly from Asia. From an economical point of view, an automated assembly of laser systems defines a better approach to produce more reliable units at lower cost. However, the step from today's manual solutions towards an automated assembly requires parallel developments regarding product design, automation equipment and assembly processes.This paper introduces briefly the idea of self-optimizing technical systems as a new approach towards highly flexible automation. Technically, the work focuses on the precision assembly of laser resonators, which is one of the final and most crucial assembly steps in terms of beam quality and laser power. The paper presents a new design approach for miniaturized laser systems and new automation concepts for a robot-based precision assembly, as well as passive and active alignment methods, which are based on a self-optimizing approach. Very promising results have already been achieved, considerably reducing the duration and complexity of the laser resonator assembly. These results as well as future development perspectives are discussed. 相似文献
204.
Angelina Sarapulova Daria Mikhailova Ljubomira Ana Schmitt Steffen Oswald Natalia Bramnik Helmut Ehrenberg 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2012,62(1):98-110
LiCoPO4-coated disordered carbon nanofibers (CNFs/LiCoPO4) were obtained by a sol–gel method, using triethyl phosphite or triethyl phosphate as the phosphorous source. The crystal
structure of the products was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, while morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy,
transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Optimal synthesis conditions
for the CNFs/LiCoPO4 in light of the best electrochemical performance are discussed. The best discharge capacity 105 mAh/g (or ca. 63% of the
theoretical capacity) shows the material with 40% CNFs/LiCoPO4 and addition coating by carbon black. This composition has a best purity of active materials and point coverage of CNFs.
The X-ray photoelectron C1s spectra of the CNFs surface without and with sputter erosion show enhancement of C–O bonds at
the fiber surface, which does not influence significantly electrochemical behavior of the composite materials. 相似文献
205.
Aline Maisse-François Laurine Azor Anne-Laure Schmitt Ariane Coquel Lydia Brelot Richard Welter Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz Samuel Dagorne 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2012,696(26):4248-4256
The present contribution describes the synthesis and structural characterization of structurally diverse organoaluminum species supported by variously substituted aminophenolate-type ligands: these Al complexes are all derived from the reaction of AlMe3 with aminophenols 2-CH2NH(R)-C6H3OH (1a, R = mesityl (Mes); 1b, R = 2,6-di-isopropylphenyl (Diip)) and 2-CH2NH(R)-4,6-tBu2-C6H2OH (1c, R = Mes; 1d, R = Diip). The low temperature reaction of AlMe3 with 1a–b readily affords the corresponding Al dimeric species [μ-η1,η1-N,O-{2-CH2NH(R)-C6H4O}]2Al2Me4 (2a–b), consisting of twelve-membered ring aluminacycles with two μ-η1,η1-N,O-aminophenolate units, as determined by X-ray crystallographic studies. Heating a toluene solution of 2a (80 °C, 3 h) affords the quantitative and direct formation of the dinuclear aluminium complex Al[η2-N; μ,η2-O-{2-CH2N(Mes)-C6H4O}](AlMe2) (4a) while species 2b, under the aforementioned conditions, affords the formation of the Al dimeric species [η2-N,O-{2-CH2N(Dipp)-C6H4O}AlMe]2 (3b), as deduced from X-ray crystallography for both 3b and 4a. In contrast, the reaction of bulky aminophenol pro-ligands 1c–d with AlMe3 afford the corresponding monomeric Al aminophenolate chelate complexes η2-N,O-{2-CH2NH(R)-4,6-tBu2-C6H2O}AlMe2 (5c–d; R = Mes, Diip; Scheme 3) as confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis in the case of 5d. Subsequent heating of species 5c–d yields, via a methane elimination route, the corresponding Al-THF amido species η2-N,O-{2-CH2N(R)-4,6-tBu2-C6H2O}Al(Me)(THF) (6c–d; R = Mes, Diip). Compounds 6c–6d, which are of the type {X2}Al(R)(L) (L labile), may well be useful as novel well-defined Lewis acid species of potential use for various chemical transformations. Overall, the sterics of the aminophenol backbone and, to a lesser extent, the reaction conditions that are used for a given ligand/AlMe3 set essentially govern the rather diverse “structural” outcome in these reactions, with a preference toward the formation of mononuclear Al species (i.e. species 5c–d and 6c–d) as the steric demand of the chelating N,O-ligand increases. 相似文献
206.
This work introduces a modelling framework towards a forward dynamics simulation of skeletal muscle mechanics that couples three-dimensional (3D) continuum-mechanical-based Finite Element (FE) simulations to rigid body simulations. In this regard, this is a methodological approach, which incorporates different methods to realise simulations of the musculoskeletal system. Such simulations are at present computationally not feasible. To set up such a modelling framework the upper limp is selected. Here, the upper limb consists of an antagonistic muscle pair, the elbow (a simple hinge joint) and an external load. The skeletal muscles are represented by a 3D continuum-mechanical model. The tendons are, for now, assumed to be rigid. The results demonstrate the ability of the system to converge to a physiological realistic position. (© 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
207.
208.
Richard E. Sykora Zerihun Assefa Richard G. Haire Thomas E. Albrecht‐Schmitt 《ChemInform》2006,37(15):no-no
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. 相似文献
209.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (FLCs) are presented which comprise charge-transfer functional groups, such that highly efficient NonLinear Optical (NLO) properties and pronounced ferroelectricity result. By operating the NLO-FLCs in one of the two Bistable states of the Short-pitch Ferroelectric (SPF) conformation, stable, planar waveguides result. The NLO-FLCs exhibit exceptionally large second-order NLO-coefficientsd
22 = 5 pm/V. Moreover, their linear electrooptical effect is shown to be essentially electronic in nature. This renders ultrafast electrooptical modulators with NLO-FLCs feasible. 相似文献
210.
K. Fabricius G. Kramer G. Schierholz I. Schmitt 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1982,11(4):315-333
We present in detail the analytic calculation of the Sterman-Weinberg type 3-jet cross section to order α s 2 The fit to recent PLUTO data gives in the \({MS}\) scheme α s which corresponds to Λ=0.24 GeV in the 1-loop approximation. 相似文献