Über die Reaktion substituierter Thioxanthenoxide mit Säuren

9-[(N-Methyl-3′-piperidyl)-methyl]-thioxanthene-10-oxide (I) on treatment with boiling concentrated hydrochloric acid gives mainly 9-[(N-methyl-3′-piperidyl)-methylene]-thioxanthene (IV) together with small amounts of 9-[(N-methyl-3′-piperidyl)-chloro-methylene]-thioxanthene(II), 9-hydroxy-9-[(N-methyl-3′-piperidyl)-methyl]-thioxanthene (III) and 9-[(N-methyl-3′-piperidyl)-methyl]-thioxanthene (V). Treatment of I with acetic anhydride yields only IV.     

Optimierung einer Kalium-Valinomycin-Diskelektrode

Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Optimierung einer Kalium-Valinomycin-Diskelektrode durch den kombinierten Zusatz verschiedener Weichmacher berichtet. Die Inkorporation dreier Weichmacher (Diphenyläther, Dinonylphthalat, Trisäthylhexylphosphat) in die PVC-Membran führt zu einer Elektrode, die wesentliche Funktionskriterien für eine Anwendung in der klinischen Analytik erfüllt.

---

Optimization of a potassium-valinomycin disc electrode

Summary Optimization of a potassium valinomycin disc electrode by adding a combination of several plasticisers is reported. Incorporation of three plasticisers (diphenyl ether, dinonyl phthalate, trisethylhexyl phosphate) into the PVC membrane results in an electrode, which has all qualities for application in clinical analysis.

Wir danken dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie und der Firma Fresenius Apparatebau KG, Bad Homburg v.d.H., für die Unterstützung dieser Arbeit.     

In-situ deactivation of packed columns for SFC

Residual adsorptive activity of reversed phase (RP) column packings used in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) can be significantly reduced by a dynamic in-situ silanization with diphenyltetramethyldisilazane (DPTMDS). RP-materials thus deactivated were characterized both chromatographically and by solid-phase ²⁹Si NMR.     

Hydrous ferric oxide: evaluation of Cd-HFO surface complexation models combining Cd(K) EXAFS data,potentiometric titration results,and surface site structures identified from mineralogical knowledge

The surface properties of ferrihydrite were studied by combining wet chemical data, Cd(K) EXAFS data, and a surface structure and protonation model of the ferrihydrite surface. Acid-base titration experiments and Cd(II)-ferrihydrite sorption experiments were performed within 3<-log[H(+)]<10.5 and 0.5<[Cd(t)]<12 mM in 0.3 M NaClO(4) at 25 degrees C, where [Cd(t)] refers to total Cd concentration. Measurements at -5.5triple bond Fe-OH(-1/2),logk((int))=-8.29, assuming the existence of a unique intrinsic microscopic constant, logk((int)), and consequently the existence of a single significant type of acid-base reactive functional groups. The surface structure model indicates that these groups are terminal water groups. The Cd(II) data were modeled assuming the existence of a single reactive site. The model fits the data set at low Cd(II) concentration and up to 50% surface coverage. At high coverage more Cd(II) ions than predicted are adsorbed, which is indicative of the existence of a second type of site of lower affinity. This agrees with the surface structure and protonation model developed, which indicates comparable concentrations of high- and low-affinity sites. The model further shows that for each class of low- and high-affinity sites there exists a variety of corresponding Cd surface complex structure, depending on the model crystal faces on which the complexes develop. Generally, high-affinity surface structures have surface coordinations of 3 and 4, as compared to 1 and 2 for low-affinity surface structures.     

Optical tuning of a tellurium cavity: optical modulation and bistability in the infrared region at room temperature

A new optical-optical modulator for the infrared region (4m < < 11m) is described. It is based on the tuning of the transmission of a plane parallel tellurium slab by free carriers created by multiphoton absorption of 10.6m and 5.3m radiation at room temperature. The operation of this device is described by a simple theory using the plane-wave approximation and the Drude-Zehner model. The assumptions of this theory were fulfilled by the experimental conditions, permitting a quantitative analysis of the registered modulations. Under certain working conditions pulse shortening (170 ns pulses of=5.3m were shortened by up to 20 ns) and fast switch-on of the device (switch-on time 2 ns) were observed. Moreover, the modulator exhibits limiter action and optical bistability which, for the first time, is observed in an intrinsic semiconductor device at room temperature.The substance of this paper was presented at the Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena in Spectroscopy at Reinhardsbrunn (GDR), in November 1980, and a preliminary account published in theProceedings of the meeting.     

Synthesis of 3-nitro- and 3-aminoquinoline-2,4-diones. An unexpected route to 3-hydroxyquinoline-2,4-diones

Nitration of 3-substituted-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolones 1 with nitric acid leads either to 3-nitro- 2 or 3-hydroxyquinolinediones 3 , depending on the reaction conditions. 3-Substituted-3-hydroxyquinolinediones 3 are also obtained by oxidative hydroxylation with peracetic acid. Amination of 3-substituted-3-chloroquinolinediones 4 with ammonium hydroxide predominantly leads again to 3-substituted-3-hydroxyquinolinediones 3 , only in one case the 3-aminoquinolinedione 5 could be isolated. With morpholine or pyridine as amines the expected 3-aminoquinolinediones 6 and 7 were obtained.     

Polarization of the Scattered Light in the Isotropic Phase of a Cholesteric Liquid Crystal

In the only measurement to date of the ratio R_d of depolarized to polarized light scattering intensities in the isotropic phase of a cholesteric liquid crystal, Harada and Crooker reported that the value of ¾ predicted by the order parameter fluctuation theory of de Gennes was not observed. We present here measurements of R_d in cholesteryl olevl carbonate (COC) using a more precise rotating polarizer technique. R_d is observed to have a strong temperature dependence which we can explain by the de Gennes theory plus an additional fluctuating component as described by Courtens.     

FAIMS-MS-IR spectroscopy workflow: a multidimensional platform for the analysis of molecular isoforms

An original workflow allowing inline FAIMS separation, electrospray ionization, mass analysis and ion spectroscopy (IRMPD: InfraRed Multiple Photon Dissociation) is presented for multidimensional molecular analysis. This new instrument consists of an ultraFAIMS (Owlstone) device interfaced to a linear ion trap (LTQ XL Thermo Scientific) which was modified for IRMPD spectroscopy. Two modes of operation are demonstrated on an isomeric mixture of paracetamol and 2-phenylglycine. In the first mode a FAIMS (high-Field Asymmetric waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry) separation of the isomers is performed with a static compensation field for mass- and isomer- selective ion spectroscopy. In the second mode, the compensation field is scanned while the ions are irradiated at a fixed wavenumber. The advantages of this workflow as compared to traditional FAIMS-MS and IRMPD spectroscopy are described. The potential of the two modes for molecular spectroscopy and analytical applications, in particular the new “omics” are discussed.