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81.
Joachim Käschel 《Proceedings Mathematical Sciences》1992,102(2):155-158
In Venkaiah [1] an algorithm for solving linear optimization problems based on the idea of the projective algorithm of Karmarkar,
is proposed. The essential simplification in the new algorithm is the use of a fixed projection operator. In this way the
algorithm requires onlyO(n
2
) operations to obtain a sufficient exact solution. In this note it is shown that in some special cases the algorithm of Venkaiah
yields a feasible solution that is far from the optimal one. 相似文献
82.
Gunter M. Schütz 《Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter》1997,104(3):583-590
We study diffusion-limited (on-site) pair annihilation A + A → 0 and (on-site) fusion A + A → A which we show to be equivalent for arbitrary space-dependent diffusion and reaction rates. For one-dimensional lattices with nearest neighbour hopping we find that in the limit of infinite reaction rate the time-dependent n-point density correlations for many-particle initial states are determined by the correlation functions of a dual diffusion-limited annihilation process with at most 2n particles initially. Furthermore, by reformulating general properties of annihilating random walks in one dimension in terms of fermionic anticommutation relations we derive an exact representation for these correlation functions in terms of conditional probabilities for a single particle performing a random walk with dual hopping rates. This allows for the exact and explicit calculation of a wide range of universal and non-universal types of behaviour for the decay of the density and density correlations. 相似文献
83.
84.
85.
Patrick Mather Nino Grizzuti Glenn Heffner Mathias Ricker Willie E. Rochefort Markus Seitz Hans-Werner Schmidt Dale S. Pearson 《Liquid crystals》1994,17(6):811-826
In this paper, we report on the synthesis and detailed characterization of a new semiflexible nematic liquid crystalline polyester which could serve as a 'model' polyester for a variety of physical and physico-chemical investigations. The polymer is a nematic liquid over a wide temperature range-from the glass transition temperature at ∼95°C to the isotropic transition at ∼240°C. We expect this polyester to be particularly useful for studying the effect of flow on the orientation of liquid crystalline polymers, as well as the production and removal of disclinations. 相似文献
86.
87.
Michael Grätzel 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1994,2(1-3):673-677
Transparent nanocrystalline films of oxide semiconductors such as TiO2 and Fe2O3 have been prepared on a conducting glass support employing a sol-gel procedure. The films are composed of nanometer-sized particles sintered together to allow for percolative charge carrier transport. The internal surface of these films is very high, roughness factors of the order of 1000 being readily obtained. Electric polarization was applied for forward and reverse biasing of the films and the resulting optical changes have been analyzed to derive their flat band potential. Band gap excitation of such nanocrystalline semiconductors produces electron-hole pairs which migrate through the film to be collected as electric current. Steady state photolysis and time resolved laser techniques have been applied to scrutinize the mechanism of light induced charge separation within the nanostructure. When derivatized with a suitable chromophore, TiO2 films give extraordinary efficiencies for the conversion of incident photons into electric current, exceeding 90% for certain transition metal complexes within the wavelength range of their absorption band. The underlying physical principles of these astonishing findings will be discussed. Exploiting this discovery, we have developed a new type of photovoltaic device whose overall light to electric energy conversion yield is 10% under simulated AM 1.5 solar radiation. 相似文献
88.
89.
Nitro musks in cosmetic products—determination by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with atomic-emission detection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary The combination of headspace solid-phase microextraction with atomic-emission detection enables highly selective and sensitive
determination of itro musk compounds in cosmetic products. Sample preparation is considerably simplified; there is no solvent
extraction step. Enrichment is influenced by the type and amount of cosmetic product investigated. The lowest amount giving
well detectable peaks is 1 mg musk compound per kg sample. Calibration curves obtained from spiked solutions of selected reference
cosmetics in water show very good linearity. Relative standard deviations of peak areas from repeated measurements are usually
<10%.
Presented at the 21st ISC held in Stuttgart, Germany, 15th–20th September, 1996 相似文献
90.