Chiral fermions in 2d quantum gravity

Two theories of chiral fermions coupled to different quantum gravities in two dimensions are studied. One employs Jackiw's ansatz for classical gravity by introducing an auxiliary scalar, the other is based on the induced quantum gravity of Polyakov, which has no classical analogue. By investigating a localized theory of the effective action we show that in both cases a limited number of fermions of either chirality may couple consistently. It is stressed that the Weyl variable has to be quantized properly, which is related to recent work done on non-critical strings.     

Simultaneous approximation and interpolation in weighted spaces

In this paper we present a result about simultaneous approximation and interpolation in weighted spaces. It generalizes a result of Prolla in the space of continuous functionsC(X;E) whereX is a compact Hausdorff space andE is a normed space. As a consequence, we prove that simultaneous approximation and interpolation is possible from certain vector subspaces.     

Synthesis of novel 3-substituted 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives

This paper describes an improved method for the synthesis of 3-(3-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)-1,2-dihydro-1-formyl-2-oxo-3H-1,5-benzodiazepine (2) and its conversions into novel 3-substituted 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives (3a,b and 4a,b).     

七甲茚基稀土络合物和碱金属盐的化学反应

本文用核磁共振等方法研究了稀土络合物和碱金属盐中的七甲茚基的质子化或氘化反应、亲核取代反应及络合物中稀土离子的还原反应。七甲茚基络合物比相应的茂基或茚基化合物更易与盐进行上述反应。三氘代七甲茚基在氘化反应中显示了同位素效应。     

Saturated adsorption at the surface of binary solutions

Summary In order to examine the relationship between the saturated adsorption and the bulk critical phenomena (micelle formation, phase separation, solubility etc.), the surface tension was measured on the aqueous solutions of homologous sodium alkyl sulfates and pri-alkyl-alcohols. Adsorption isotherms for the solutions which did not possess any critical phenomenon, did not exhibit the saturation, whereas one for the solutions with some critical phenomenon displayed the saturation before the occurence of such a phenomenon in these solutions. From the thermodynamic interpretation, it was found for the alcohol solutions that the activity at the surface in the saturated region reaches the same value as in the bulk after phase separation.

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Zusammenfassung An wäßrigen Lösungen von homologen Natrium alkylsulfaten und Alkyl-Alkoholen wurde die Oberflächenspannung gemessen, um die Beziehung zwischen der Sättigungsadsorption und den kritischen Erscheinungen (Mizellbildung, Phasentrennung, Löslichkeit usw.) zu erklären. Die Adsorptionsisothermen für Lösungen, welche keine kritischen Erscheinungen haben, zeigen keine Sättigung, während diejenigen von Lösungen mit kritischen Erscheinungen vor dem Auftreten derartiger Phänomene eine Sättigung erreichen. Die Aktivität der Alkohole erreicht in der Oberflächenphase des Sättigungsbereiches den gleichen Wert wie in der Volumenphase nach der Phasentrennung

     

Effect of a modification site on the electron-transfer reaction of glucose oxidase hybrids modified with phenothiazine via a poly(ethylene oxide) spacer

Glucose oxidase [GOx-(PT-PEONH2)] hybrids are synthesized by attaching phenothiazine (PT) groups to aspartic and glutamic acid residues on the enzyme surface via poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) spacers of different molecular weights. A fast oxidation of FADH2/FADH by PT+ with the aid of the local motion of a hydrophilic, long, flexible PEO spacer is achieved for the GOx-(PT-PEONH2) hybrids and yields greater electron-transfer (ET) rates than that for GOx-(PTNH2) hybrids, in which the PT groups are directly bonded to the GOx surface. The ET rate of GOx-(PT-PEONH2) hybrids depends on the molecular weight of PT-PEONH2, and the maximum is obtained at a molecular weight of 3000. The ET rates of GOx hybrids are compared in terms of the location of the PT modification and the length and structure of the spacer chain connection of the PT mediator to a surface amino acid residue. Greater ET rates are obtained for the modification at aspartic and glutamic acid residues than for the lysine modification when the PT groups are bonded directly or via a short PEO spacer chain. In contrast, no advantage of aspartic and glutamic acid residues over lysine residues in generating a fast oxidation of FADH2/FADH by PT+ is observed for GOx hybrids in which the PT groups are attached via longer PEO spacers. The long PEO spacer is able to compensate the disadvantage of lysine residues locating far from the FAD center in GOx hybrids whose mediation reactions are based on the so-called wipe mechanism.     

Selective determination of guanine and its nucleosides and nucleotides by reaction with phenylglyoxal as a fluorogenic reagent

A fluorimetric method is described for determining guanine in its nucleosides and nucleotides. The method is based on the reaction of the compounds with phenylglyoxal as a fluorogenic reagent in a weakly acidic solution (pH 4.0). The fluorescences produced show excitation and emission maxima around 365 and 510 nm, respectively. The conditions established for the reaction do not produce fluorescence from other nucleic acid bases such as adenine, cytosine, uracil and thymine, and their nucleosides and nucleotides. The method is sensitive and selective for guanine and its derivatives, with a detection limit of 47–310 pmol ml^?1 in the reaction mixture.     

The synthesis and proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of some nitro- and amino-unsymmetrically meta-substituted tetraphenylporphyrins

Procedures for the synthesis of new partially-substituted mesotetraphenylporphyrins (TPP's) are described. The 5-(3-nitrophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin is the primary product from a 1:2:3 molar ratio of m-nitrobenzaldehyde, benzaldehyde and pyrrole. The crude reaction product also contained TPP, 5,10-bis-(3-nitrophenyl)-15,20-diphenylporphyrin, 5,15-bis(3-nitrophenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin, and 5,10,15-tris-(3-nitrophenyl)-20-phenylporphyrin. The crude mixture of m-nitrophenylporphyrins was reduced to a mixture of the corresponding amino derivatives, which was separated into TPP, 5-(3-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin, 5,10-bis(3-aminophenyl)-15,20-diphenylporphyrin, and 5,15-bis(3-aminophenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin. The products were characterized by uv-visible and ir spectrophotometry, and by high resolution nmr spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy.     

Gallium-mediated allyl transfer from bulky homoallylic alcohol to aldehydes via retro-allylation: stereoselective synthesis of both erythro- and threo-homoallylic alcohols

Retro-allylation of bulky gallium homoallylic alkoxides occurs to generate (Z)- and (E)-crotylgallium reagents stereospecifically, starting from erythro- and threo-homoallylic alcohols, respectively. The (Z)- and (E)-crotylgallium reagents immediately reacted with aromatic aldehydes to afford the corresponding erythro- and threo-homoallylic alcohols, respectively. [reaction: see text]