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21.
XPS measurement revealed that the original state of TiO2 was changed to Ti2O3 and TiO by ion bombardment. TiO2 decreased and Ti2O3 increased at the initial stage. TiO increased at a later stage than Ti2O3. Each of them saturated after enough sputtering time.A formulation was proposed in order to explain the change of XPS spectra for oxides as a function of ion sputtering time. This formulation was based on reaction equations that contain two reduction processes (from TiO2 to Ti2O3 and from Ti2O3 to TiO), and sputtering effects. Using four fitting parameters (two reduction coefficients, sputtering yield and information depth), the present formula was fitted to the experimental results. The fitting results agree satisfactorily with the experimental results. The calculation shows that the reduction coefficient from TiO2 to Ti2O3 is about ten times larger than that from Ti2O3 to TiO. This calculation predicts that surface composition of an oxide that is changed by ion bombardment will reach a different value depending on its bulk composition. Moreover, the present formulation can determine the chemical states of compounds changed by ion bombardment. 相似文献
22.
Naoki Miyamoto Shusuke Nisiyama Satoshi Tomioka Takeaki Enoto 《Optics Communications》2007,272(1):67-72
We utilize nitroanisole, that absorbs infrared (IR) radiation as heat, as an optical modulation device based on a thermal process. The nitroanisole exhibits a thermal lens effect, i.e. a temperature dependent refractive index. Hence, the nitroanisole can induce phase modulation to visible light, in direct response to intensity of the incident IR radiation. The proposed method can be used to obtain the phase modulation distribution that corresponds to the IR intensity distribution, i.e. the IR hologram itself, on the nitroanisole by examining the phase map of visible light that is modulated upon passing through the nitroanisole. The IR wavefront can be reconstructed by calculating extracted IR holograms through the Fresnel transform. It is verified that both the amplitude and the phase of the IR wavefront can be reconstructed accurately by proposed method. 相似文献
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The pentafluorobenzenethiyl radical is an efficient hydrogen abstractor from an activated methylene or methine group and bis(pentafluorophenyl) disulfide is an efficient electron acceptor from the resulting radical intermediate. Thus benzyl-OTBS ether was easily converted into the corresponding pinacol, and 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxanes are converted into the monobenzoates of diols. 相似文献
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For the purpose of testing the spherical uniformity based on i.i.d. directional data (unit vectors) zi, i=1,…,n, Anderson and Stephens (Biometrika 59 (1972) 613–621) proposed testing procedures based on the statistics Smax=maxu S(u) and Smin=minu S(u), where u is a unit vector and nS(u) is the sum of squares of u′zi's. In this paper, we also consider another test statistic Srange=Smax−Smin. We provide formulas for the P-values of Smax, Smin, Srange by approximating tail probabilities of the limiting null distributions by means of the tube method, an integral-geometric approach for evaluating tail probability of the maximum of a Gaussian random field. Monte Carlo simulations for examining the accuracy of the approximation and for the power comparison of the statistics are given. 相似文献
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Synthesis of Bioactive and Porous Organic-Inorganic Hybrids for Biomedical Applications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kanji Tsuru Satoshi Hayakawa Akiyoshi Osaka 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2004,32(1-3):201-205
Bioactivity has been exhibited by a limited range of ceramics since the invention of Bioglass®. Recently, some bioactive polymeric organic-inorganic hybrids were introduced, including not only organically modified silicates (Ormosils) synthesized from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and tetraethoxysilane but also those with gelatin and 3-glycidoxypropyl-tremethoxysilane. Preparation of the bulk and porous hybrids and their polymeric structures analyzed by Si NMR spectroscopy were presented. In vitro bioactivity or apatite deposition in a simulated body fluid of the Kokubo recipe were also described for those hybrids. Freeze-drying techniques introduced porosity (up to 90%) and pores extending in a preferred direction. 相似文献
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Hiroshi Sakurai Fumitake Itoh Katsuyoshi Takano Hiromi Oike 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2004,65(12):2083-2088
A novel technique of measuring a magnetic Compton profile using the grazing angle geometry against a sample surface (Grazing Incidence Magnetic Compton Profile) has been successively developed. Measurements of a magnetic moment and a magnetic Compton profile are possible for a Fe 200 nm film on a thick glass substrate. The estimated thinnest limit for measurements is 100 nm for a Fe film. 相似文献