A differential geometrical consideration on a “nonlocal” field

In this paper, the concept of “nonlocality”, which is carried by the internal variable (ω) ascribed to each point (x), is first investigated generally in connection with the concept of “unified” gauge field. Next, as a typical example, a Finslerian “nonlocal” field is considered, which is obtained by taking for ω a vector (ξ), and two examples are proposed: one is a unified field with Randers metric and the other is a micro-gravitational field endowed with space-time fluctuation.     

Laser isotope separation of tritium from deuterium: CO2-laser-induced multiphoton dissociation of C2TF5 in C2DF5

Isotope separation of tritium from deuterium in heavy water was attempted by CO₂-laser-induced, highly-selective multiphoton dissociation of C₂TF₅ present in C₂DF₅. Single-step T/D separation factors exceeding 3000, 1000, and 500 were attained, respectively, for the first time with CO₂ laser 10P(34) 931.0 cm^?1 at 10, 20, and 30 Torr pentafluoroethane pressures at ?78 °C (i.e., equivalent to 15, 30, and 45 Torr at room temperature).     

Some structural features induced by the space-time metrical fluctuation in the theory of gravitational fields

Under the assumption that the so-called space-time fluctuationy(x) in a classical sense, attached to each point of the gravitational field at some microscopic stage, is summarized as the metrical fluctuation in the formg _λκ (x)=g_λκ (x)·exp2σ(y(x)), some new physical aspects induced by the conformal scalarσ(x) (≡σ(y(x))) are found: By introducing the torsionT _κ ^λμ (x) from a general standpoint, the resulting micro-gravitational field is made to have a conformally non-Riemannian structure, where a special form ofT _κ ^λμ (i.e.,T _κ ^λμ =δ _κ ^λ σ_μ?δ _κ ^μ σ_λ(σ_μ=?σ/?x ^μ)) shows some peculiar features. An averaging process with respect toy is taken into account, by which the spatial structure of the corresponding macro-field is shown, in general, to have a somewhat “non”-Riemannian structure due to the contributions of the torsionT _κ ^λμ .     

Reply to the note on the flow behaviour of combustion gas in the boundary layer of an MHD generator

The temperature profile in Fig. 3 of Ref. 1 is better approximated by a relation for a turbulent boundary layer than a laminar boundary layer. The critical Reynolds number is expected to be lowered in the flow train of MHD combustion gas because of large turbulence in the combustor and by roughness along the duct.     

QCD cascade model in deep inelastic scattering

We develop a new QCD cascade model for jets in deep inelastic scattering. We use the light-like axial gauge whose gauge vector is parallel to momentum of the initial parton so that only final partons cascade. Due to this feature we can generate events for any given virtualityQ ² andx _B =Q ²/2Pq.     

Evidence for muon neutrino oscillation in an accelerator-based experiment

We present results for nu(mu) oscillation in the KEK to Kamioka (K2K) long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. K2K uses an accelerator-produced nu(mu) beam with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV directed at the Super-Kamiokande detector. We observed the energy-dependent disappearance of nu(mu), which we presume have oscillated to nu(tau). The probability that we would observe these results if there is no neutrino oscillation is 0.0050% (4.0 sigma).     

Bottom-up fabrication and piezoelectric properties of CaBi<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>4</Subscript>O<Subscript>15</Subscript> micro-plateaus

CaBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ (CBTi144) micro-plateaus were fabricated on Si wafers and Pt foils using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and a complex metal alkoxide solution. The micro-plateaus are delineated by metal masks, which are used for shadowing against the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for decomposition of SAM to make the surface hydrophilic. The micro-plateaus crystallized to a ferroelectric phase with random orientation. The crystallization depended on the SAM-derived ultra thin layers at the surface of the substrates. The primitive PFM measurements without any top electrodes confirmed that the micro-plateaus exhibited the piezoresponse behaviors. The piezoelectric constant, d₃₃, had some distribution, and the maximum d₃₃ was confirmed as about 45 pm/V, which is identical to the d₃₃ of the polar-axis oriented CBTi144 thin films. PACS 77.84.-s; 81.20.Fw; 77.65.-j     

Detection of high-energy gamma rays from winter thunderclouds

A report is made on a comprehensive observation of a burstlike gamma-ray emission from thunderclouds on the Sea of Japan, during strong thunderstorms on 6 January 2007. The detected emission, lasting for approximately 40 sec, preceded cloud-to-ground lightning discharges. The burst spectrum, extending to 10 MeV, can be interpreted as consisting of bremsstrahlung photons originating from relativistic electrons. This ground-based observation provides the first clear evidence that strong electric fields in thunderclouds can continuously accelerate electrons beyond 10 MeV prior to lightning discharges.