Catalytic property of Europium supported on alumina from its ammoniacal solution

Europium supported on alumina (Eu/Al₂O₃) was prepared by impregnation from an ammoniacal solution of the metal. The catalytic activity of Eu/Al₂O₃ for the isomerization of 2,3-dimethylbut-1-ene to 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene was examined. Eu/Al₂O₃ showed the highest catalytic activity for the isomerization when heated under a vacuum at 523 K, the yield of 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene in 20 min being 81.6% at 314 K. IR spectrum shows the presence of two kinds of Eu amides. The change of the IR spectra and the catalytic activities with evacuation temperature suggest that only one of the two Eu amides is catalytically active for this base-catalyzed isomerization.     

All-Fiber Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer Using a Pair of Fiber Grating Couplers

A new all-fiber optical add-drop multiplexer (ADM) using a pair of fiber grating couplers (FGCs) was proposed and first demonstrated. It was theoretically and experimentally shown that both drop and add efficiencies could be maximized in the proposed ADM. It was also clarified that the crosstalk between dropped and added signals could be improved in the proposed ADM compared with that in the single FGC. Drop and add operations in the ADM for 3-channel WDM signals with 1.6 nm wavelength spacing were confirmed. The ADM with signal amplification ability, which consists of a pair of FGCs, an EDF, and a pump-LD, was proposed and demonstrated. It was confirmed that the dropped and transmitted optical signals could be amplified in the ADM, and would be able to expand fiber routing spans.     

Crystal structure and mixed-valence state in 1′,1‴-dibutylbiferrocenium triiodide

In 1′, 1‴-dibutylbiferrocenium triiodide crystals A show temperature-independent trapped-valence state, while crystals B show a valence-delocalization of the mixed-valence state. The mixed-valence states of both crystals are discussed in relation to their crystal structures. Address after October 1991: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 724, Japan     

High-Efficiency ZnCdSe/ZnSSe/ZnMgSSe Green Light-Emitting Diodes

Green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated employing a ZnCdSe/ZnSSe triple quantum-well (TQW) active region surrounded by ZnMgSSe cladding layers grown on an n-type (100) GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). A 3.5 mW pure green emission was observed for the surface-emitting LED device at a peak wavelength of 513.3 nm (2.415 eV) with a spectral half-width of 11.7 nm (55 meV) under a 20 mA (4.6 V) direct current at room temperature (25°C). These correspond to an external quantum efficiency of 7.2%, a power conversion efficiency of 3.8%, a luminous current efficiency of 66 lm/A, and a luminous efficiency of 14 lm/W.     

Mixed-valence states of 11, 1111-dialkyl- and 11, 1111-bis(methylbenzyl)biferrocenium triiodides

It was found that the packing of cations and anions influences the electronic structures of mixed-valence binuclear ferrocene derivatives. Temperature-dependence of the mixed-valence state of 1¹, 1¹¹¹-diisobutylbiferrocenium triiodide was observed in a crystalline state, whereas only a trapped-valence state was found in a dispersed state. The packing effect was also observed for a series of 1¹, 1¹¹¹-dialkyl- and 1¹, 1¹¹¹-bis(methylbenzyl)biferrocenium triiodides by means of ESR spectroscopy.     

Effective activation energy of 16MeV proton irradiated QMG-YBCO

Ion irradiation effects on improvement of flux-pinning properties for quenched and melt growth YBCO samples (QMG-materials) were studied. Irradiation with 16MeV protons was performed up to a dose of 1×10¹⁶ p/cm². The effective activation energies of vortices are expressed with the formula, U_eff=g(T)h(H)f(J) ∝ (J/J_c)^−∝* [1-(T/T_x)²]^2/3*H^−1/3 at lower irradiation doses below 5×10¹⁵ p/cm². The J-dependence of U_eff changes from power-law to quesi-exponential dependence with an increment of irradiation dose.