Untersuchung der Niveaustruktur von53Cr und52Cr mit (d,d′) und (d,t)-Reaktionen

Angular distributions of deuterons and tritons from the reactions^52,53Cr(d,d),^52,53Cr(d,d′),^53,54Cr(d, t)^52,53Cr have been measured at E_d=11.8 to 11.9 MeV. The elastic scattering data have been analyzed in terms of the optical model. The (d, d′) and (d, t) data have been compared with DWBA calculations. Deformation parameters and spectroscopic factors have been extracted. The results are qualitatively discussed in terms of different nuclear models.     

The reactions48Ca(d,t)47Ca and48Ca(3He, α)47Ca

The reactions⁴⁸Ca(d, t)⁴⁷Ca and⁴⁸Ca(³He, α)⁴⁷Ca have been measured at incident energies of 17 and 18 MeV, respectively and analysed by DWBA. Besides strong transitions to the groundstate and two unresolved states at aboutE _x =2.60 MeV relatively strong transitions withl=2 are observed at higher excitation energies in the (³He, α) reaction. The observedl=1 and higherl=3 transitions are rather weak indicating that particle-hole components in the⁴⁸Ca groundstate are relatively small.     

Langmuir-Schäfer films of an amphiphilic ruthenium complex bearing an "almost naked" multicharged headgroup

In this paper the preparation and characterization of Langmuir-Sch?fer (LS) films of a novel amphiphilic dipolar complex, [Ru(II)(NH(3))(5)(N-dodecyl-4,4'-bpy)](PF(6))(3) (1), are reported. Preparation of these films, otherwise precluded utilizing standard Langmuir procedures, is achieved by using a subphase at relatively high ionic strength, by addition of NH(4)PF(6). The morphology and the spectroscopic features of the floating films are investigated by Brewster angle microscopy and UV-vis reflection spectroscopy at the water-air interface, respectively, whereas LS films are characterized by absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The overall results indicate the existence of aggregates of 1 and formation of homogeneous, densely packed layers. The presented approach could represent a general method to achieve Langmuir-Blodgett films of amphiphilic metal complexes having an "almost naked" multicharged headgroup.     

Incorporation in Lipid Microparticles of Acid Red 87, a Colorant Used in Tattoo Inks: Effect on Photodegradation Under Simulated Sunlight and Laser Radiation

Tattoo colorants decompose under solar radiation and when exposed to laser light for their removal, leading to the accumulation in the dermis of toxic products. Aim of this study was to develop lipid microparticles (LMs) loaded with the colorant, Acid Red 87 (C.I. 45380) used in tattoo inks, and to investigate the effect of this system on the photostability of the colorant under simulated sunlight or laser irradiation. LMs loaded with C.I. 45380 were prepared by melt emulsification using tristearin and phosphatidylcholine as excipients. They were characterized by optical microscopy, laser diffraction, X-ray diffraction and release studies. Free C.I. 45380 and the colorant-loaded LMs were irradiated with a solar simulator or a Q-switched laser. Irradiation with a solar simulator demonstrated that photodecomposition of C.I. 45380 was markedly reduced by incorporation of the dye in the LMs, from 20.5 ± 4.6% to 1.3 ± 1.8%. Conversely, the laser-induced degradation of the colorant (30.1 ± 6.6%) was not significantly influenced by encapsulation in the LMs (the encapsulated C.I. 45380 loss was 27.4 ± 5.5%). Incorporation of C.I. 45380 in lipid microparticles enhances the photostability under sunlight of tattoo inks containing this colorant, without affecting its laser-induced degradation and hence laser removal efficiency.     

Phase synchronization of instrumental music signals

Signal analysis is one of the finest scientific techniques in communication theory. Some quantitative and qualitative measures describe the pattern of a music signal, vary from one to another. Same musical recital, when played by different instrumentalists, generates different types of music patterns. The reason behind various patterns is the psycho-acoustic measures – Dynamics, Timber, Tonality and Rhythm, varies in each time. However, the psycho-acoustic study of the music signals does not reveal any idea about the similarity between the signals. For such cases, study of synchronization of long-term nonlinear dynamics may provide effective results. In this context, phase synchronization (PS) is one of the measures to show synchronization between two non-identical signals. In fact, it is very critical to investigate any other kind of synchronization for experimental condition, because those are completely non identical signals. Also, there exists equivalence between the phases and the distances of the diagonal line in Recurrence plot (RP) of the signals, which is quantifiable by the recurrence quantification measure τ-recurrence rate. This paper considers two nonlinear music signals based on same raga played by two eminent sitar instrumentalists as two non-identical sources. The psycho-acoustic study shows how the Dynamics, Timber, Tonality and Rhythm vary for the two music signals. Then, long term analysis in the form of phase space reconstruction is performed, which reveals the chaotic phase spaces for both the signals. From the RP of both the phase spaces, τ-recurrence rate is calculated. Finally by the correlation of normalized tau-recurrence rate of their 3D phase spaces and the PS of the two music signals has been established. The numerical results well support the analysis.     

Chaos and Cryptography: A new dimension in secure communications

This issue is a collection of contributions on recent developments and achievements of cryptography and communications using chaos. The various contributions report important and promising results such as synchronization of networks and data transmissions; image cipher; optical and TDMA communications, quantum keys etc. Various experiments and applications such as FPGA, smartphone cipher, semiconductor lasers etc, are also included.     

Indirect Study of the 2H(d,p)3H and 2H(d,n)3He Reactions at Astrophysical Energies via the Trojan Horse Method

The ²H(d,p)³H and ²H(d,n)³He reactions have been indirectly studied by means of the Trojan Horse Method applied to the quasi-free ²H(³He, p³H)¹H?²H(³He, n³He)¹H reaction at 18?MeV of beam energy. This is the first experiment where the spectator (here ¹H) has been detected in coincidence with the charged participant, avoiding the limitations of standard neutron detectors. The d ? d relative energy has been measured from 1.5?MeV down to 2?keV, at center of mass angles from 40° to 170°. Indirect angular distributions are compared with the direct behaviour in the overlapping regions.     

Gas-phase reactions of the bare Th2+ and U2+ ions with small alkanes, CH4, C2H6, and C3H8: experimental and theoretical study of elementary organoactinide chemistry

The gas-phase reactions of two dipositive actinide ions, Th(2+) and U(2+), with CH(4), C(2)H(6), and C(3)H(8) were studied by both experiment and theory. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was employed to study the bimolecular ion-molecule reactions; the potential energy profiles (PEPs) for the reactions, both observed and nonobserved, were computed by density functional theory (DFT). The experiments revealed that Th(2+) reacts with all three alkanes, including CH(4) to produce ThCH(2)(2+), whereas U(2+) reacts with C(2)H(6) and C(3)H(8), with different product distributions than for Th(2+). The comparative reactivities of Th(2+) and U(2+) toward CH(4) are well explained by the computed PEPs. The PEPs for the reactions with C(2)H(6) effectively rationalize the observed reaction products, ThC(2)H(2)(2+) and UC(2)H(4)(2+). For C(3)H(8) several reaction products were experimentally observed; these and additional potential reaction pathways were computed. The DFT results for the reactions with C(3)H(8) are consistent with the observed reactions and the different products observed for Th(2+) and U(2+); however, several exothermic products which emerge from energetically favorable PEPs were not experimentally observed. The comparison between experiment and theory reveals that DFT can effectively exclude unfavorable reaction pathways, due to energetic barriers and/or endothermic products, and can predict energetic differences in similar reaction pathways for different ions. However, and not surprisingly, a simple evaluation of the PEP features is insufficient to reliably exclude energetically favorable pathways. The computed PEPs, which all proceed by insertion, were used to evaluate the relationship between the energetics of the bare Th(2+) and U(2+) ions and the energies for C-H and C-C activation. It was found that the computed energetics for insertion are entirely consistent with the empirical model which relates insertion efficiency to the energy needed to promote the An(2+) ion from its ground state to a prepared divalent state with two non-5f valence electrons (6d(2)) suitable for bond formation in C-An(2+)-H and C-An(2+)-C activated intermediates.