New phase and polarization-insensitive receivers for coherent optical fibre communication systems

We propose new phase- and polarisation-insensitive receivers for coherent optical fibre communication systems which have the following characteristic features: (a) insensitivity to LO excess noise in addition to phase- and polarization-insensitivity; (b) absence of optical PLL and polarization control devices; (c) a smaller detector bandwidth requirement than for heterodyne systems; (d) the same source linewidth requirement as for heterodyne systems with non-coherent demodulation; (e) the possibility of a complete optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) version in the future.     

Surface pattern recording in amorphous chalcogenide layers

Investigations of light-induced volume expansion and surface pattern recording in amorphous chalcogenide layers and nano-layered structures (NLS) were extended to direct electron-beam recording on Se/As₂S₃ and Sb/As₂S₃ NLS. Light as well as e-beam induced bleaching occurs in all NLS, while volume expansion occurs only in chalcogenide–chalcogenide NLS and in homogeneous Se or As₂S₃ layers. Comparison of these two phenomena revealed the possible role of purely electronic and thermal processes in the interdiffusion and relief formation. The latter is supposed to be connected with radiation-induced defect creation, free volume increase under the increased fluidity conditions as well as with the possible additional influence of electrostatic forces and stress.     

SH-waves in viscoelastic heterogeneous layer over half-space with self-weight

The effect of gravity, heterogeneity and internal friction on propagation of SH-waves (horizontally polarised shear waves) in viscoelastic layer over a half-space has been studied. Using the method of separation of variables, dispersion equation has been obtained and used to recover the damped velocity of SH-waves. Both the real and imaginary parts of dispersion equation are in well agreement with the classical Love wave equation. It has been observed that heterogeneity of the medium affects the velocity profile of SH-wave significantly. Some other peculiarities have been observed and discussed in our study.     

Glasses for lithography

The highest resolution in a lithographic process is often determined by the properties of the resist material. With the currently used polymeric resists, a resolution of better than 100 nm has been achieved under manufacturing conditions, but the future nanoscale devices will require a 10 times superior resolution. In this paper we present an overview of the resist materials, especially with regard to limiting resolution. In principle, inorganic resists should have higher limiting resolution than polymer resists due to smaller fundamental structural units and stronger bonds in the former. However, compositional and/or structural inhomogeneities may limit their ultimate resolution. New results are presented that indicate chalcogenide glasses as promising photo and electron beam resists, which also have the advantages of greater hardness, resistance to acids, easy fabrication in thin film form, and the unique phenomena like radiation enhanced diffusion.     

Multiple UAVs path planning algorithms: a comparative study

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used in team for detecting targets and keeping them in its sensor range. There are various algorithms available for searching and monitoring targets. The complexity of the search algorithm increases if the number of nodes is increased. This paper focuses on multi UAVs path planning and Path Finding algorithms. Number of Path Finding and Search algorithms was applied to various environments, and their performance compared. The number of searches and also the computation time increases as the number of nodes increases. The various algorithms studied are Dijkstra’s algorithm, Bellman Ford’s algorithm, Floyd-Warshall’s algorithm and the AStar algorithm. These search algorithms were compared. The results show that the AStar algorithm performed better than the other search algorithms. These path finding algorithms were compared so that a path for communication can be established and monitored.     

A generalization of a theorem of Ore

Let (K,v)$(K,v)$ be a discrete rank one valued field with valuation ring _Rv$R_v$. Let L/K$L/K$ be a finite extension such that the integral closure S   of _Rv$R_v$ in L   is a finitely generated _Rv$R_v$-module. Under a certain condition of v  -regularity, we obtain some results regarding the explicit computation of _Rv$R_v$-bases of S, thereby generalizing similar results that had been obtained for algebraic number fields in El Fadil et al. (2012) [7]. The classical Theorem of Index of Ore is also extended to arbitrary discrete valued fields. We give a simple counter example to point out an error in the main result of Montes and Nart (1992) [12] related to the Theorem of Index and give an additional necessary and sufficient condition for this result to be valid.     

Numerical solution of a quasilinear parabolic problem

A combined approach of linearisation techniques and finite difference method is presented for obtaining the numerical solution of a quasilinear parabolic problem. The given problem is reduced to a sequence of linear problems by using the Picard or Newton methods. Each problem of this sequence is approximated by Crank-Nicolson difference scheme. The solutions of the resulting system of algebraic equations are obtained by using Block-Gaussian elimination method. Two numerical examples are solved by using both linearisation procedures to illustrate the method. For these examples, the Newton method is found to be more effective, especially when the given nonlinear problem has steep gradients.