Carleson Measures via BMO

We obtain new characterizations of Carleson measures via uniform boundedness of BMO norms of certain mass functions associated with the given measure in a natural way. This research was performed during M. Stessin’s visit to Korea University. He thanks the Mathematics Department of Korea University and the “Brain Pool” program for their hospitality and support. The first two authors were supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2008-314-C00012).     

Estimates of the Green’s Functions for the Elasto-static Equations and Stokes Equations in a Three Dimensional Lipschitz Domain

In this paper, we study a Green’s functions G ^E , G ^S for an elasto-static equations and Stokes equations in a three-dimensional bounded Lipschitz domain Ω. We prove that there is a positive constant c > 0 depending on the Lipschitz constant such that for all . Furthermore, we show that there is a positive constant η ∈ (0,1) depending on the Lipschitz constant such that for all . The second author is partially supported by Korea Research Foundation Grant KRF C-00005.     

Polarization switching dynamics governed by the thermodynamic nucleation process in ultrathin ferroelectric films

In most ferroelectrics, the domain nucleation barrier (U*) is thermally insurmountable; this is called "Landauer's paradox." However, we showed that, in ultrathin films, the large depolarization fields could lower U* to a level comparable to thermal energy (k(B)T), resulting in power-law decay of polarization. We empirically found a universal relation between the power-law decay exponent and U*/k(B)T. This relation will provide a practical but fundamental limit for capacitor-type ferroelectric devices, analogous to the superparamagnetic limit for magnetic memory devices.     

Optimization of preparation procedure of LiF:Mg,Cu,Si TLD for improving the reusability

Several thermal treatments in the temperature range from 270 °C to 320 °C (each of 10 min) were tested as a final preparation procedure of LiF:Mg,Cu,Si to improve the protocol of TL readout with less residual signal for the LiF:Mg,Cu,Si TLD. This high sensitivity LiF:Mg,Cu,Si TLD exhibited thermal stability much better than that of the well known LiF:Mg,Cu,P. For LiF:Mg,Cu,Si, a readout temperature up to 300 °C did not affect the TL sensitivity and glow curve structure for 12 cycles of exposure and readout following an initial thermal treatment at 295 °C for 10 min. The residual TL signal also remained negligible.     

Correlation of electron density and bond length to band gap for binary oxides and halides

The best quantity correlated to the electronic energy band gap is found for alkali and alkaline-earth metal oxides and halides with face centered cubic (fcc) structure based on density functional theory and Bader's atom-in-molecule theory. Previous studies show the correlation of the band gap to the ground state electron density at the bond critical point (BCP). Whereas, in quantum mechanics, the gap between the energy levels of one dimensional square well potential is inversely proportional to the square of the width of the well which is the metal–nonmetal chemical bond length in our case. These motivate the proposition of a new quantity Q, the ratio of the density at the BCP to the square of the bond length. Our study reveals that, for the aforementioned materials, the band gap has a strong correlation to Q when they are multiplied by the density at the BCP.     

Classification of Structural Motifs in Porphyrinic Coordination Polymers Assembled from Porphyrin Building Units, 5,10,15,20-Tetrapyridylporphyrin and Its Derivatives

Abstract  In this review, we classify 1D, 2D, and 3D structural motifs found in porphyrinic coordination polymers assembled from 5,10,15,20-tetrapyridylporphyrin (TPyP) and its derivatives. The classifications are based on dimensionality, metal-to-porphyrin linkage, porphyrin type, and metal-to-porphyrin ratio. 1D porphyrin polymers often share the same connectivity (or structural motifs) with analogous 2D and 3D polymers. We identify interrelationships among 1D, 2D, and 3D coordination polymers and examine the connectivity of such interrelated structures. We also discuss the broad similarities and differences of the synthetic methods of all structures presented here. Graphical Abstract  We classify 1D, 2D, and 3D structural motifs found in porphyrinic coordination polymers assembled from 5,10,15,20-tetrapyridylporphyrin (TPyP) and its derivatives. The classifications are based on dimensionality, metal-to-porphyrin linkage, porphyrin type, and metal-to-porphyrin ratio. We identify interrelationships among 1D, 2D, and 3D coordination polymers and examine the connectivity of such interrelated structures.      

Resonance Fluorescence of Gaseous Chlorine Excited by Laser Light

A powerful argon ion laser was used to excite gaseous chlorine molecules resonantly from the X¹Σ ground electronic state to the excited electronic state. Three progressions of P, R doublets which correspond to the excitation from J=37, 13 and 39 of v=0 of the X¹Σ state to v′=22, J′=38; v′=18, J′=12 and v′=16, J′=38 of the state, respectively, and then decaying to various vibrational levels of the X¹Σ state were observed. Of those, only the excitation from v=0, J=38 to v′=22, J′=38 transition has been reported before. Due to the extremely small transition probabilities, the spectral lines are much weaker than those of iodine and bromine. Their positions and their relative intensities were analyzed and compared with the result calculated from the known molecular constants and with the known Franck-Condon factors. Our data are consistent with the calculated results within the range of experimental error.     

Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism in Korean patients with primary knee osteoarthritis

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in the physiology of vasculature, blood pressure and inflammation. ACE gene, known to have insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, has been widely investigated in its relation with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and longevity. ACE gene polymorphism in an inflammation associated osteoarthritis (OA) patients is not known. Here we have investigated ACE gene polymorphism in 142 Korean primary knee OA patients and 135 healthy volunteers to establish any clinical correlates between ACE polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis. Clinical parameters such as disease onset age, Kellgren-Lawrence grade and Lequesne's functional index provided additional analysis of the relationship of ACE polymorphism and clinical features of OA. Early onset OA showed significantly higher allele frequency and carriage rate of I than late onset OA. Radiographically severe and functionally poor OA showed higher carriage rate of I allele than radiographically mild and functionally good OA, respectively. This study first reports ACE gene polymorphism to be a risk factor for early onset, severe form primary knee OA.     

NF-κB-dependent miR-31/155 biogenesis is essential for TNF-α-induced impairment of endothelial progenitor cell function

Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) dysfunction impairs vascular function and remodeling in inflammation-associated diseases, including preeclampsia. However, the underlying mechanism of this inflammation-induced dysfunction remains unclear. In the present study, we found increases in TNF-α and miR-31/155 levels and reduced numbers of circulating EPCs in patients with preeclampsia. Patient-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) cultured in autologous serum had decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, nitric oxide production, and differentiation into EPCs with angiogenic potential, and these effects were inhibited by a TNF-α-neutralizing antibody and miR-31/155 inhibitors. Moreover, TNF-α treatment of normal MNCs increased miR-31/155 biogenesis, decreased eNOS expression, reduced EPC differentiation, and impaired angiogenic potential. The TNF-α-induced impairment of EPC differentiation and function was rescued by NF-κB p65 knockdown or miR-31/155 inhibitors. In addition, treatment of MNCs with synthetic miR-31/155 or an eNOS inhibitor mimicked the inhibitory effects of TNF-α on eNOS expression and EPC functions. Moreover, transplantation of EPCs that had been differentiated from TNF-α-treated MNCs decreased neovascularization and blood perfusion in ischemic mouse hindlimbs compared with those of normally differentiated EPCs. These findings suggest that NF-κB activation is required for TNF-α-induced impairment of EPC mobilization, differentiation, and function via miR-31/155 biogenesis and eNOS downregulation. Our data provide a new role for NF-κB-dependent miR-31/155 in EPC dysfunction under the pathogenic conditions of inflammation-associated vascular diseases, including preeclampsia.Subject terms: Differentiation, Cell biology