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141.
The energy level alignment between C60 and Al has been investigated by using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. To obtain the interfacial electronic structure between C60 and Al, C60 was deposited on a clean Al substrate in a stepwise manner. The valence-band spectra were measured immediately after each step of C60 deposition without breaking the vacuum. The measured onset of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level was located at 1.59 eV from the Fermi level of Al. The vacuum level was shifted 0.68 eV toward lower binding energy with additional C60 layers. The observed vacuum level shift means that the interface dipole exists at the interface between C60 and Al. The barrier height of electron injection from Al to C60 is 0.11 eV, which is smaller value than that of hole injection. 相似文献
142.
Anisha Gokarna Yong Hwan Kim Yong-Hoon Cho Min Su Lee In Cheol Kang Hyun Kyu Park Min Gon Kim Bong Hyun Chung 《Optical Review》2006,13(4):288-291
We demonstrate the fluorescence mapping of protein microarrays by the technique of scanning near-field optical microscopy
(SNOM) and confocal microscopy. Micron sized spots (300 μm) of human Immunoglobulin G (hIgG) protein with and without a Cy3
dye labeling have been fabricated on glass substrates by an immobilization method which makes use of calixcrown derivatives
termed Prolinker. We have also tried to probe into the well-known “doughnut effect” observed in fluorescence images of proteins
using the SNOM technique. The topographic and fluorescence SNOM images revealed that the number of proteins at the boundary
of the spot were more than at the center in the case of the microarray spot which showed brighter luminescence at the edge
than at the center in the confocal image. 相似文献
143.
Hong Oh Kim Rae Young Kim Jae Kun Lim Zuowei Shen 《Journal of Approximation Theory》2007,147(2):196-204
We start with a characterization of a pair of frames to be orthogonal in a shift-invariant space and then give a simple construction of a pair of orthogonal shift-invariant frames. This is applied to obtain a construction of a pair of Gabor orthogonal frames as an example. This is also developed further to obtain constructions of a pair of orthogonal wavelet frames. 相似文献
144.
Moments of claims in a Markovian environment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper considers discounted aggregate claims when the claim rates and sizes fluctuate according to the state of the risk business. We provide a system of differential equations for the Laplace–Stieltjes transform of the distribution of discounted aggregate claims under this assumption. Using the differential equations, we present the first two moments of discounted aggregate claims in a Markovian environment. We also derive simple expressions for the moments of discounted aggregate claims when the Markovian environment has two states. Numerical examples are illustrated when the claim sizes are specified. 相似文献
145.
I. S. Kim N. L. Krussanova I. V. Alekseeva R. N. Smartt 《Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics》1998,41(2):94-98
A new approach to investigating the statistical relationship between certain solar features and recurrent wind streams is
presented. This approach is based, on a comparative analysis of the distributions of lifetimes of a set of solar features,
recurrent geomagnetic disturbances, and geomagnetic “calms.” Correlation coefficients of 0.81, 0.85, 0.79, and 0.77 are found
for the distributions of several solar features—filaments, large-scale magnetic fields, coronal features, and coronal holes,
respectively—and recurrent geomagnetic disturbances. A correlation factor of 0.97 between the distributions of geomagnetic
“calms” and active regions is found. The combined evidence indicates that no specific type of solar feature is responsible
for the recurrent stream activity. Rather, the configuration of the large-scale magnetic field of the Sun appears to control
the permanently existing corpuscular activity. Since prominences trace polarity division lines of the large-scale magnetic
field structure of the Sun, they have been checked as a possible general predictor of recurrent corpuscular activity; their
parameters could present the most reliable indices that relate closely with trends in geomagnetic disturbances. A comparative
analysis of cyclic variations of sunspot numbers, the total number of prominences, the relative number of low-height (<-20″)
prominences, and recurrent geomagnetic storms is made for solar cycle N16. The relative number of low-height prominences is
found to correlate broadly (0.83) with recurrent wind streams.
P. K. Shternberg State Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia; National Solar Observatory, Sacramento Peak, U.S. Published
in Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 145–151, February, 1998. 相似文献
146.
The Chebychev polynomials associated to any given moments μn ∞ 0 are formally orthogonal with respect to the formal δ-series $$w(x)= {\sum^\infty_0}(- 1)^{n}\mu_{{n}}\delta^{(n)}(x)/n!.$$ We show that this formal weight can be a true hyperfunctional weight if its Fourier transform is a slowly increasing holomorphic function in some tubular neighborhood of the real line. It provides a unifying treatment of real and complex orthogonality of Chebychev polynomials including all classical examples and characterizes Chebychev polynomials having Bessel type orthogonality. 相似文献
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