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81.
The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) on\input amssym ${\Bbb Z}$ with the Bernoulli‐ρ measure as an initial condition, 0 < ρ < 1, is stationary. It is known that along the characteristic line, the current fluctuates at an order of t1/3. The limiting distribution has also been obtained explicitly. In this paper we determine the limiting multipoint distribution of the current fluctuations moving away from the characteristics by the order t2/3. The main tool is the analysis of a related directed last percolation model. We also discuss the process limit in tandem queues in equilibrium. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
82.
OBJECTIVE: This paper explores the treatment of medical genetics in undergraduate medical education, specialists' training and continuing medical education (CME) for general practitioners, specialists, nurses and midwives. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative survey of websites, published or unpublished documents, telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires. RESULTS: Genetics is a medical specialty in France, and the small number of university professors in genetics are in charge of the genetic component of medical training of all future practitioners. The study was complicated by the ongoing waves of reforms in the French health and educational systems and by the autonomy of the faculties. Specialist training and CME in genetics is heterogeneous and not organised as a priority. CONCLUSIONS: Specialist education and CME in genetics of non-geneticist health care providers needs to be adapted to the fast ongoing developments of this field of knowledge. 相似文献
83.
Sandrine Duluard Joseph Grondin Jean‐Luc Bruneel Guy Campet Marie‐Hlne Delville Jean‐Claude Lassgues 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2008,39(9):1189-1194
The Raman and Infrared (IR) spectra of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) membranes plasticized by ionic liquids of the (1 − x)[1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMITFSI)],xLiTFSI type, where BMI+ is the 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cation and TFSI− the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion, are analyzed for a lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfone)imide (LiTFSI) mole fraction x = 0.23 and PMMA contents from 0 to 50 wt%. The lithium is found to have an average coordination of about three CO groups and less than one TFSI− anion. It plays the role of a cross‐linker between the ester groups of PMMA and the nonvolatile ionic liquid. Addition of PMMA to the (1 − x)(BMITFSI),xLiTFSI ionic liquid lowers the conductivity but might improve the lithium transference number by transforming the [Li(TFSI)2]− anionic clusters present in the pure ionic liquid into a mixed coordination by ester groups and TFSI− anions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
84.
V. Kosalathip A. Dauscher B. Lenoir S. Migot T. Kumpeerapun 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2008,93(1):235-240
The technique of laser fracture in a liquid medium has been applied to the synthesis of n-type (Bi0.95Sb0.05)2 (Te0.95Se0.05)3 and p-type (Bi0.2Sb0.8)2Te3 semiconducting nanopowders which are the best conventional materials currently used for thermoelectric applications at ambient
temperature. The nanopowders have been prepared with a high yield in an especially built-up cell. Laser fracture in water
of micronsized powders has been applied, using a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser working at 532 nm. The obtained powders have been
characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by X-ray diffraction. The mean diameter is about 10 nm
and the phase of the initial powders is kept. To test the potentiality of these nanosized materials, we have shown the feasibility
to produce a pn hetero-junction. 相似文献
85.
Dissolution of Cellulose and Lignin with Biobased Ionic Liquids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mbakidi Jean-Pierre Kerkache Asma Lazar Florica Bouquillon Sandrine 《Journal of solution chemistry》2022,51(3):345-356
Journal of Solution Chemistry - Choline-based ionic liquids, involving various alkyl chains lengths and carboxylates derived from biobased acids, have been synthetized with high yields through a... 相似文献
86.
87.
Guillaume Lafitte Audrey Beillard Sandrine Chambon Catherine Soulet Laurence Dumais Grégoire Mouis Jean-François Fournier Laurence Clary Claire Bouix-Peter Loic Tomas Craig S. Harris 《Tetrahedron letters》2018,59(3):256-259
During our search for novel CGRP antagonists, we had great difficulty in accessing one of our key motifs. Herein, we communicate how we solved the problem by an unprecedented Mitsunobu alkylation using unprotected amino alcohols. 相似文献
88.
Glycosyl‐Substituted Dicarboxylates as Detergents for the Extraction,Overstabilization, and Crystallization of Membrane Proteins
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Dr. Kim‐Anh Nguyen Dr. Marine Peuchmaur Sandrine Magnard Dr. Romain Haudecoeur Dr. Cédric Boyère Saravanan Mounien Ikram Benammar Veronica Zampieri Dr. Sébastien Igonet Dr. Vincent Chaptal Dr. Anass Jawhari Prof. Ahcène Boumendjel Dr. Pierre Falson 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(11):2948-2952
To tackle the problems associated with membrane protein (MP) instability in detergent solutions, we designed a series of glycosyl‐substituted dicarboxylate detergents (DCODs) in which we optimized the polar head to clamp the membrane domain by including, on one side, two carboxyl groups that form salt bridges with basic residues abundant at the membrane–cytoplasm interface of MPs and, on the other side, a sugar to form hydrogen bonds. Upon extraction, the DCODs 8 b , 8 c , and 9 b preserved the ATPase function of BmrA, an ATP‐binding cassette pump, much more efficiently than reference or recently designed detergents. The DCODs 8 a , 8 b , 8 f , 9 a , and 9 b induced thermal shifts of 20 to 29 °C for BmrA and of 13 to 21 °C for the native version of the G‐protein‐coupled adenosine receptor A2AR. Compounds 8 f and 8 g improved the diffraction resolution of BmrA crystals from 6 to 4 Å. DCODs are therefore considered to be promising and powerful tools for the structural biology of MPs. 相似文献
89.
Following the isolation from marine sponges, in 1993, of a family of related highly oxygenated macrolactones named spongistatins, altohyrtins and cinachyrolides, impressive synthetic efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of these macrolides. Their highly potent activity as cancer cells growth inhibitors combined with a fascinating and complex architecture has prompted synthetic organic chemists to develop efficient routes to these molecules. From the first total syntheses by the groups of Evans and Kishi in 1997 and 1998 which delivered milligram quantities of spongistatins/altohyrtins, further intensive studies have led to new pathways with practical solution to provide gram scale amounts of key intermediates. The present review focuses on biological properties and synthetic issues related to these marine macrolides. 相似文献
90.
Gruber-Woelfler H Rivillon Amy S Chabal YJ Schitter G Polo E Ringwald M Khinast JG 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2008,(11):1329-1331
A tethered ethylenebis(indenyl) zirconocene was covalently immobilized on H-terminated Si(111) surfaces using UV-mediated alkene hydrosilylation, thus making possible the development of structured catalytic surfaces with highly controlled properties. 相似文献