Precision and sensitivity optimization of quantitative measurements in solid state NMR

This work presents a methodology for optimizing the precision, accuracy and sensitivity of quantitative solid state NMR measurements based on the external reference method. It is shown that the sample must be exclusively located within and completely span the coil region where the NMR response is directly proportional to the sample amount. We describe two methods to determine this "quantitative" coil volume, based on whether the probe is equipped or not with a gradient coil. In addition, to improve the sensitivity and the accuracy, an optimum rotor packing design is described, which allows the sample volume of the rotor to be matched to the quantitative coil volume. Experiments conducted on adamantane and NaCl, which are representative of a soft and hard material, respectively, show that one order of magnitude increase in experimental precision can be achieved with this methodology. Interestingly, the precision can be further improved by using the ERETIC method in order to compensate for most instrumental instabilities.     

Tailoring Chimeric Ligands for Studying and Biasing ErbB Receptor Family Interactions

Described is the development and application of a versatile semisynthetic strategy, based on a combination of sortase‐mediated coupling and tetrazine ligation chemistry, which can be exploited for the efficient incorporation of tunable functionality into chimeric recombinant proteins. To demonstrate the scope of the method, the assembly of a set of bivalent ligands, which integrate members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand family, is described. By using a series of bivalent EGFs with variable intraligand spacing, the differences in structure were correlated with the ability to bias signaling in the ErbB receptor family in a cell motility assay. Biasing away from EGFR‐HER2 dimerization with a bivalent EGF was observed to reduce cell motility in an intraligand distance‐dependent fashion, thus demonstrating the utility of the approach for acutely perturbing receptor‐mediated cell signaling pathways.     

The Benzylperoxyl Radical as a Source of Hydroxyl and Phenyl Radicals

The benzyl radical ( 1 ) is a key intermediate in the combustion and tropospheric oxidation of toluene. Because of its relevance, the reaction of 1 with molecular oxygen was investigated by matrix‐isolation IR and EPR spectroscopy as well as computational methods. The primary reaction product of 1 and O₂ is the benzylperoxyl radical ( 2 ), which exists in several conformers that can easily interconvert even at cryogenic temperatures. Photolysis of radical 2 at 365 nm results in a formal [1,3]‐H migration and subsequent cleavage of the O?O bond to produce a hydrogen‐bonded complex between the hydroxyl radical and benzaldehyde ( 4 ). Prolonged photolysis produces the benzoyl radical ( 5 ) and water, which finally yield the phenyl radical ( 7 ), CO, and H₂O. Thus, via a sequence of exothermic reactions 1 is transformed into radicals of even higher reactivity, such as OH and 7 . Our results have implications for the development of models for the highly complicated process of combustion of aromatic compounds.     

聚对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯电化学修饰电极检测药物中氧氟沙星

基于石墨烯纳米材料和循环伏安法技术制备了聚对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯修饰电极并研究了氧氟沙星(OFL)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了一种简单快速灵敏测定氧氟沙星的电化学分析方法。 结果表明,与玻碳电极相比,对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯电化学修饰电极能显著提高氧氟沙星的峰电流。 在优化条件下,其检测线性范围为1~600 μmol/L,最低检测限为(S/N=3)0.33μmol/L。 该修饰电极具有较好的重现性和稳定性,用于实际样品氧氟沙星滴眼液的测定,效果良好。     

Sustainable preparation of gold nanoparticles via green chemistry approach for biogenic applications

Novel premises of ‘Green Nanotechnology’ have tremendous impacts towards industrial scale revolution. The furtive extracted from natural precursors have driven to the generation of biogenic resources for the fabrication of cutting-edge nanomaterials in simple and cost-effective process. This inspection is an intension of the coupling hypothesis of Nanotechnology via ‘Green-Chemistry’ avenue. So, as to diminish the negative effects of technological applications in the health of human beings and the environment, society is focused towards a greener future. Nanoscience assures a promising future by its improvement in green chemistry to develop the 'Greenary Nanoscience and Nanotechnology'. The improvement and execution of chemical assisted processes in order to reduce the usage of harmful substances, the ‘Green Chemistry’ approach is one and only remarkable authentication, which attributed to long range surface area and higher pore volume of gold-nanoparticles. As of now, the efficient biogenic mechanism dramatically reduces the utilization and hazardous reagents have been employed to low-price natural and waste products to yield value-added nanomaterials with extensive relevance, suggesting an economical and green solution to environmental issues. In depth investigation of this critical review illustrates, novel biogenic screening platform was also conducted against antimicrobial strains and degradation of gold-nanoparticles products well explored-from selection precursors evolved from natural extracts, as well as eventually disintegration into bio-degradable yet potentially recyclable byproducts.     

正电性胶态纳米银中加入凝聚剂后的表面增强拉曼光谱

在柠檬酸还原制备的正电性胶态纳米银中加入凝聚剂HNO₃和NaNO₃后,用波长为633 nm的激光激发,获得了较强的表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS谱),通过讨论及实验明确该SERS谱是来自于还原剂中的柠檬酸根离子,并说明该方法制备的纳米银的吸附层是带正电的银离子,扩散层是带负电的柠檬酸根离子。     

压气机悬臂静叶流场非定常数值模拟

以现代高压压气机一排悬臂静叶与一排转叶组成的典型级为研究对象,采用非定常数值模拟方法,分析了非定常与定常数值模拟计算得出的级特性线以及峰值效率点气动参数在展向分布的差异,并对悬臂静叶内部流场结构进行了详细分析,结果表明:当悬臂静叶的轮毂设计间隙为2.5%叶高时,非定常计算的综合喘振裕度比定常大5.85%;在峰值效率点工况下,悬臂静叶总压损失和转子效率的非定常影响范围在10%以内,转叶进口相对气流角沿展向分布的影响在0.5°以内。悬臂静叶根部10%叶高以下区域出现了明显的泄漏流动,3.4%叶高压力系数变化最大,轮毂泄漏流起始于20%弦长附近,发展到70%弦长位置时泄漏损失最大,随后逐渐减弱.     

固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水果蔬菜中双胍辛胺的残留量

建立了测定沃柑、菠萝蜜、苹果、葡萄、生菜、黄瓜、西红柿、芦笋等水果蔬菜中双胍辛胺残留量的固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱方法。试样用0.2%乙酸水提取,二氯甲烷萃取杂质,提取液经WCX固相萃取柱净化,10%甲酸乙腈洗脱,氮吹至近干后以0.2%甲酸水复溶。采用甲醇和0.2%甲酸水为流动相,经Eclipse Plus C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,在电喷雾离子源正离子模式下采用双胍辛胺的双电荷加合母离子m/z 178.8及其子离子m/z 100.0和187.0进行多反应监测（MRM）扫描,基质加标曲线进行定量。结果表明,双胍辛胺在0.005～0.160 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r≥0.995;0.010、0.020、0.050 mg/kg加标水平下的平均回收率为88.5%～109%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为2.1%～8.8%;方法检出限为0.005 mg/kg,定量下限为0.010 mg/kg。该方法快速、准确、灵敏,适用于水果蔬菜中双胍辛胺残留量的测定。     

5,3'''',5''''-三磺酸基-2,3,4,4''''-四羟基脱氧安息香三钠盐的合成、晶体结构及性质研究

合成了水溶性很好的5,3',5'-三磺酸基-2,3,4,4'-四羟基脱氧安息香三钠盐(TTDB), 采用IR、 UV、 1H NMR和元素分析对其结构进行了表征, 并利用X射线单晶衍射仪测定了该化合物的晶体结构. 使用荧光光谱法检测了化合物对羟基自由基的清除作用. 用循环伏安法探讨了化合物的电化学性质. 实验结果表明, 5,3',5'-三磺酸基-2,3,4,4'-四羟基脱氧安息香三钠盐[C14H17Na3O18S3]属于单斜晶系, 空间群C2/c, a=1.422 3(4) nm, b=2.432 7(8) nm, c=1.359 6(4) nm, α=90°, β=113.044(5)°, γ=90°, Z=8, V=4.329(2) nm3, Dc=1.925 Mg/m3, F(000)=2 568, Mr=627.43, R1=0.095 0, wR2=0.264 8. TTDB的抗羟基自由基的氧化作用优于其相应的脱氧安息香THDB, 前者清除羟基自由基的半数有效浓度(EC50)为47.3 μmol/L, 而后者的EC50则为53.1 μmol/L. 电化学研究结果表明, THDB和TTDB的氧化还原过程有所差异, 前者负扫时在-1.016和-1.228 V处出现两个还原峰, 正扫时在0.219 V处出现一个氧化峰, 但后者负扫时仅在-0.999 V出现一个还原峰, 正扫时在0.193 V出现一个氧化峰.