A detailed study on understanding glycopolymer library and Con A interactions

Synthetic glycopolymers are important natural oligosaccharides mimics for many biological applications. To develop glycopolymeric drugs and therapeutic agents, factors that control the receptor‐ligand interaction need to be investigated. A library of well‐defined glycopolymers has been prepared by the combination of copper mediated living radical polymerization and CuAAC click reaction via post‐functionalization of alkyne‐containing precursor polymers with different sugar azides. Employing Concanavalin A as the model receptor, we explored the influence of the nature and densities of different sugars residues (mannose, galactose, and glucose) on the stoichiometry of the cluster, the rate of the cluster formation, the inhibitory potency of the glycopolymers, and the stability of the turbidity through quantitative precipitation assays, turbidimetry assays, inhibitory potency assays, and reversal aggregation assays. The diversities of binding properties contributed by different clustering parameters will make it possible to define the structures of the multivalent ligands and densities of binding epitopes tailor‐made for specific functions in the lectin‐ligand interaction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2588–2597     

Demonstration of a radio-frequency spectrum analyzer based on spectral hole burning

Spectral hole-burning (SHB) technology is considered for >10-GHz instantaneous bandwidth signal-processing applications. In this context we report on what is believed to be the first demonstration of a SHB microwave spectrometer. A set of gratings engraved in a SHB crystal is used to filter one sideband of the optically carried microwave signal. The setup is confined to narrow-bandwidth operation, over a 35-MHz-wide interval. The first findings confirm the validity of the architecture in terms of spectral resolution, angular channel separation, and simultaneous detection of multiple spectral lines.     

水高温高密度状态方程理论研究

 采用MCR方法计算由exp-6势描述的水分子作用体系的pVT状态方程。与MD数值模拟结果比较后发现，由于水分子间强烈的吸引作用有利于分子有序化过程的发生，在较高温度（2 000~4 000 K）条件下，水分子作用体系仍呈现出固态特征。该物相区内体系的热力学性质不能用MCR理论描述但MCR理论准确预言了水分子作用体系高温液相区pVT状态方程。     

Selective attachment of benzaldehyde on Si(100)-2 x 1: structure, selectivity, and mechanism

The interaction of benzaldehyde with the Si(100) surface has been investigated as a model system for understanding the interaction of conjugated pi-electron systems with semiconductor surfaces. Vibrational features of chemisorbed benzaldehyde unambiguously demonstrate that the carbonyl group directly interacts with the Si surface dangling bonds, evidenced in the disappearance of the C=O stretching mode around 1713 cm(-1) coupled with the retention of all vibrational signatures of its phenyl ring. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy shows that both C 1s and O 1s binding energies of the carbonyl group display large downshifts by 1.9 and 1.3 eV, respectively. Vibrational and electronic results show that the covalent attachment of benzaldehyde on Si(100) occurs in a highly selective manner through the direct interaction of both C and O atoms of the carbonyl group with a Si=Si dimer to form a four-membered Si-C-O-Si ring at the interface, leaving a nearly unperturbed phenyl ring protruding into vacuum. This conclusion is further confirmed by the observation of a predominant protrusion for benzaldehyde adsorbed on Si(100)-2 x 1 in scanning tunneling microscopy experiments, consistent with the predication of density-functional theory calculation.     

Dry synthesis of triple cumulative double bonds (C=C=C=N) on Si(111)-7 x 7 surfaces

The interactions of cyanoacetylene and diacetylene with a Si(111)-7 x 7 surface have been studied as model systems to mechanistically understand the chemical binding of unsaturated organic molecules to diradical-like silicon dangling bonds. Vibrational studies show that cyanoacetylene mainly binds to the surface through a diradical reaction involving both cyano and C[triple bond]C groups with an adjacent adatom-rest atom pair at 110 K, resulting in an intermediate containing triple cumulative double bonds (C=C=C=N). On the other hand, diacetylene was shown to the covalently attached to Si(111)-7 x 7 only through one of its C[triple bond]C groups, forming an enynic-like structure with a C=C-C[triple bond]C skeleton. These chemisorbed species containing triple cumulative double bonds (C=C=C=N) and C=C-C[triple bond]C may be employed as precursors (or templates) for further construction of bilayer organic films on the semiconductor surfaces.     

三维多孔集流体改善NiO电极的储锂特性

三维多孔金属不仅可容纳电极在储锂过程中的体积变化,且为锂离子提供快速传输通道,因此被广泛用做锂离子电池集流体,以提升其循环稳定性和高倍率容量.NiO作为锂离子电池负极具有高理论比容量而备受关注,但其电子导电性差和充放电过程中的巨大体积变化造成其循环寿命短和高倍率容量低.此外,NiO首次放电（嵌锂）产物Ni⁰和Li₂O不能在充电（脱锂）过程中完全反应造成首次不可逆容量大,阻碍了其商业化应用.本工作采用简单、易规模化的化学镀法制备出具有三维贯穿孔的多孔铜（孔径≈5 μm）,并在其孔壁电沉积获得NiO@三维多孔铜电极.由于三维多孔铜集流体可容纳NiO储锂过程中的体积变化;为锂离子提供快速传输通道,同时其高比表面积增大了Ni⁰和Li₂O的反应活性点,因此该电极显示出优异的高倍率容量和高首次库伦效率.该电极在200 mA·g^-1电流密度下,首次放电（嵌锂）和充电（脱锂）容量分别为1522.3和1230.2 mAh·g^-1,首次库伦效率达到80.8%;在高电流密度20 A·g^-1下显示578.1 mAh·g^-1容量.以NiO@三维多孔铜为负极,LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂为正极组装成全电池,首次充电和放电容量分别为1514和1060 mAh·g^-1（基于NiO电极,电流密度0.2 A·g^-1）,首次库伦效率为70%;1.0 A·g^-1电流密度下,首次放电比容量为873 mAh·g^-1,100次循环后保持709 mAh·g^-1,保持率为81%;10 A·g^-1电流密度下容量保持530.6 mAh·g^-1.该工作将为过渡金属氧化物储锂性能提升提供新途径.     

PdII‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Amination of Unactivated C(sp3)H Bonds

Pd^II‐catalyzed intermolecular amination of unactivated C(sp³)?H bonds has been successfully developed for the first time. This method provides a new way to achieve the challenging intermolecular amination of unactivated C(sp³)?H bonds, producing a variety of unnatural β²‐amino carboxylic acid analogues. This C(sp³)?H amination protocol is demonstrated with a broad substrate scope, good functional‐group tolerance, and chemoselectivity. It is operated without use of phosphine ligand or external oxidant.     

Blockade of airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness by an angiopoietin-1 variant, COMP-Ang1

Inflammation of the asthmatic airway is usually accompanied by increased vascular permeability and plasma exudation. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) has potential therapeutic applications in preventing vascular leakage. Recently, we developed a soluble, stable, and potent Ang1 variant, COMP-Ang1. COMP-Ang1 is more potent than native Ang1 in phosphorylating the tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2 receptor in lung endothelial cells. We have used a mouse model for allergic airway disease to determine effects of COMP-Ang1 on allergen-induced bronchial inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness. These mice develop the following typical pathophysiological features of allergic airway disease in the lungs: increased numbers of inflammatory cells of the airways, airway hyper-responsiveness, increased levels of Th2 cell cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), and chemokines (eotaxin and RANTES), and increased vascular permeability. Intravenous administration of COMP-Ang1 reduced bronchial inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness. In addition, the increased plasma extravasation in allergic airway disease was significantly reduced by the administration of COMP-Ang1. These results suggest that COMP-Ang1 attenuates airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness, prevents vascular leakage, and may be used as a therapeutic agent in allergic airway disease.     

Potent Anticancer Activity and Possible Low Toxicity of Platinum(II) Complexes with Functionalized 1,1‐Cyclobutanedicarboxylate as a Leaving Ligand

Two platinum(II) complexes, DN603 and DN604, were designed and prepared by using 3‐oxocyclobutane‐1,1‐dicarboxylate as a ligand. The compounds were prepared according to the concept that incorporation of a functionalized moiety in the leaving ligand that did not affect its coordination bonding to the metal atom would play a key role in the anticancer activity of the resulting platinum complex. The newly prepared compounds were found to show potent in vitro anticancer activity comparable to cisplatin and oxaliplatin; especially DN604, which exhibited low acute toxicity similar to carboplatin, and presented acceptable solubility and stability in water. Chemical and biological results indicated that the functionalized moiety, uncoordinated, led to potent anticancer activity and low apparent toxicity of the platinum complexes by affecting the kinetic properties of the compounds.