Anion-exchange separation of hydroxy acids in acetate medium

A great number of hydroxy acids have been separated in an anion-exchange column using sodium acetate as eluant. It is essential that lactones be saponified before loading the column. With hydroxy acids containing only one or two hydroxyl groups this method is superior to separations in borate medium. With complicated mixtures the methods supplement each other.     

Influence of aromatic compounds in sugar chromatography on anion-exchange resins

In sugar separations by partition chromatography on anion-exchange resins in aqueous ethanol, phenolic compounds are eluted within the same range as sugars and interfere when non-specific detectors are used. The simultaneous application of the orcinol method for sugars and an ultraviolet-detector for the aromatic compounds makes it possible to determine both types of compounds in the same chromatographic run.     

A Study of the120Sn(p,nγ)120Sb reaction

Levels of¹²⁰Sb have been observed using the¹²⁰Sn(p, nγ) reaction at proton energies between 3.90 and 6.25 MeV. Sixteen previously unobserved levels below 1.03 MeV were populated. The resulting level scheme is compared with that obtained using the¹²¹Sb(p, d) reaction.     

Common learning with intertemporal dependence

Consider two agents who learn the value of an unknown parameter by observing a sequence of private signals. Will the agents commonly learn the value of the parameter, i.e., will the true value of the parameter become approximate common-knowledge? If the signals are independent and identically distributed across time (but not necessarily across agents), the answer is yes (Cripps et al., Econometrica, 76(4):909–933, 2008). This paper explores the implications of allowing the signals to be dependent over time. We present a counterexample showing that even extremely simple time dependence can preclude common learning, and present sufficient conditions for common learning.     

Titanium promoted reduction of imines with Grignards,silanes, and zinc: identification of a new mechanism with silanes

Aldimines react with reducing agents, such as Grignards, phenylsilane or zinc in the presence of titanium(IV) isopropoxide to form amines and reductively coupled imines (diamines). Using deuterium labeled reagents, the mechanism of reduction to form amines is described. Reducing agents, such as the Grignard and zinc result in the formation of low valent titanium (LVT), which in turn reduces the imine. On the other hand, phenylsilane reacts by a distinctly different mechanism and where a hydrogen atom from silicon is directly transferred to the titanium coordinated imine.     

In situ growth of nano-structures by metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy

Using spontaneous self-organization effects is an efficient way to produce nano-structures, as for instance quantum wires and quantum dots. This article is focused on the strain-induced self-organization, or “self-assembling” effect, producing quantum dots. Particularly the following aspects will be addressed: (i) the phenomenology of the 2D–3d morphology transition, (ii) the effects of materials choices and growth conditions on density, size and homogeneity of dots, and (iii) manipulations to get laterally aligned and vertically stacked dot structures.     

Biocatalytically oligomerized epicatechin with potent and specific anti-proliferative activity for human breast cancer cells

Catechins, naturally occurring flavonoids derived from wine and green tea, are known to exhibit multiple health benefits. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the most widely investigated catechins, but its efficacy in cancer therapy is still inconsistent and limited. The poor stability of EGCG has contributed to the disparity in the reported anti-cancer activity and other beneficial properties. Here we report an innovative enzymatic strategy for the oligomerization of catechins (specifically epicatechin) that yields stable, water-soluble oligomerized epicatechins with enhanced and highly specific anti-proliferative activity for human breast cancer cells. This one-pot oxidative oligomerization is carried out in ambient conditions using Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) as a catalyst yielding water-soluble oligo(epicatechins). The oligomerized epicatechins obtained exhibit excellent growth inhibitory effects against human breast cancer cells with greater specificity towards growth-inhibiting cancer cells as opposed to normal cells, achieving a high therapeutic differential. Our studies indicate that water-soluble oligomeric epicatechins surpass EGCG in stability, selectivity and efficacy at lower doses.