Proton and α sequential emission in the 16O + 58Ni deep inelastic reaction: A semi-classical approach

The 132 MeV ¹⁶O + ⁵⁸Ni reaction has been experimentally investigated by using coincident charged particle techniques. A closed-form theoretical approach, describing in a simple picture the non-equilibrium component and the evaporative one of the angular correlation between light particles and reaction residues emitted in a peripheral heavy-ion collision, is applied — in the hypotesis of a sequential process — to the (C,N,O)-α and (C,N,O)-p differential multiplicities for the ¹⁶O + ⁵⁸Ni at 8.25 MeV/A deep inelastic collision. From this analysis some reaction mechanism information is deduced.     

Electrical spin injection and threshold reduction in a semiconductor laser

A spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser is demonstrated with electrical spin injection from an Fe/Al0.1Ga0.9As Schottky tunnel barrier. Laser operation with a spin-polarized current results in a maximum threshold current reduction of 11% and degree of circular polarization of 23% at 50 K. A cavity spin polarization of 16.8% is estimated from spin-dependent rate equation analysis of the observed threshold reduction.     

On some permutation binomials and trinomials over $$\mathbb {F}_{2^n}$$

In this work, we completely characterize (1) permutation binomials of the form \(x^{{{2^n -1}\over {2^t-1}}+1}+ ax \in \mathbb {F}_{2^n}[x], n = 2^st, a \in \mathbb {F}_{2^{2t}}^{*}\), and (2) permutation trinomials of the form \(x^{2^s+1}+x^{2^{s-1}+1}+\alpha x \in \mathbb {F}_{2^t}[x]\), where s, t are positive integers. The first result, which was our primary motivation, is a consequence of the second result. The second result may be of independent interest.     

A study of diquark and meson condensation in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model and Fermi momentum

Using a three- and four-dimensional Pauli–Villars regularization scheme, we investigate quark–antiquark and diquark condensation in the framework of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. Using the particle Fermi momentum as a cutoff parameter, we study the energy gap width and coherence length for the meson condensate 〈\(q\bar q\)〉. We also study the energy gap width and critical coherence length (the distance over which there would be no diquark condensation) for the diquark 〈qq〉 and the dependence on the Fermi momentum. We obtain an estimate of the Fermi momentum value for meson and diquark condensates with an energy gap width of the order of 100 MeV.     

Modelling of rotational factor in notched bend specimen under general and local yield situation

The location of the plastic hinge axis in a three point SEN bend specimen is a highly controversial issue. An unambiguous and reliable estimation of rotational factor (r_p) is very essential for the accurate determination of CTOD data. In contrast to the numerous studies reported on the r_p determination in a cracked situation, limited information is available for a blunt notch situation, although many engineering structures do contain notchlike defects with finite root radius. An attempt is made to determine r_p for two situations, namely well below the general yield and around the general yield. The work is based on a theoretical estimation of the plastic zone size using the stress concentration factor and the elastic as well as the elastic-plastic stress distribution. A theoretical estimation of r_p in both the pseudo-elastic and the elastic-plastic situation is estimated through analytical modelling involving factors like plastic zone size, bend angle and notch opening displacement. The values of the rotational factor are found to increase from a small value to around 0.29 in a well below general yield situation to 0.53 to 0.54 in a general yield situation with continued loading. A wide discrepancy in the P/P_GY ratio separating the two situations, i.e. well below general yield and around general yield, is observed. Consideration of the elastic and the elasto-plastic stress distribution indicates a much smaller value of P/P_GY as compared to the ratio obtained from experimental load-displacement plots.     

Elastic Energy Minimization and the Recoverable Strains of Polycrystalline Shape‐Memory Materials

Shape‐memory behavior is the ability of certain materials to recover, on heating, apparently plastic deformation sustained below a critical temperature. Some materials have good shape‐memory behavior as single crystals but little or none as polycrystals, while others have good shape‐memory behavior even as polycrystals. We propose a method for explaining the difference. Our approach is based on elastic energy minimization. It leads to a special class of nonlinear homogenization problems, involving integrands that are degenerate near the origin. We explore the behavior of these problems through various examples and bounds. The elementary “Taylor bound” and the newer “translation method” are central to our analysis. Accepted October 26, 1995     

An efficient synthesis of dexlansoprazole employing asymmetric oxidation strategy

An alternative and scalable synthesis of dexlansoprazole ((R)-(+)-1); the (R)-enantiomer of Lansoprazole with an enantiomeric excess of >99.8% is presented.     

Physicochemistry of interaction between the cationic polymer poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and the anionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and sodium N-dodecanoylsarcosinate in water and isopropyl alcohol-water media

The physicochemistry of interaction of the cationic polymer poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) with the anionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and sodium N-dodecanoylsarcosinate was studied in detail using tensiometry, turbidimetry, calorimetry, viscometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fair interaction initially formed induced small micelles of the surfactants and later on produced free normal micelles in solution. The interaction process yielded coacervates that initially grew by aggregation in the aqueous medium and disintegrated into smaller species at higher surfactant concentration. The phenomena observed were affected by the presence of isopropyl alcohol (IP) in the medium. The hydrodynamic sizes of the dispersed polymer and its surfactant-interacted species were determined by DLS measurements. The surface morphologies of the solvent-removed PDADMAC and its surfactant-interacted complexes from water and IP-water media were examined by the SEM technique. The morphologies witnessed different patterns depending on the composition and the solvent environment. The head groups of the dodecyl chain containing surfactants made differences in the interaction process.     

Chemical modification of L-glutamine to alpha-amino glutarimide on autoclaving facilitates Agrobacterium infection of host and non-host plants: A new use of a known compound

Background

Accidental autoclaving of L-glutamine was found to facilitate the Agrobacterium infection of a non host plant like tea in an earlier study. In the present communication, we elucidate the structural changes in L-glutamine due to autoclaving and also confirm the role of heat transformed L-glutamine in Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation of host/non host plants.

Results

When autoclaved at 121°C and 15 psi for 20 or 40 min, L-glutamine was structurally modified into 5-oxo proline and 3-amino glutarimide (α-amino glutarimide), respectively. Of the two autoclaved products, only α-amino glutarimide facilitated Agrobacterium infection of a number of resistant to susceptible plants. However, the compound did not have any vir gene inducing property.

Conclusions

We report a one pot autoclave process for the synthesis of 5-oxo proline and α-amino glutarimide from L-glutamine. Xenobiotic detoxifying property of α-amino glutarimide is also proposed.