排序方式: 共有113条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Tarnovsky AN Gawelda W Johnson M Bressler C Chergui M 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2006,110(51):26497-26505
We report a femtosecond pump-probe study on the photochemistry of concentrated aqueous solutions of [RuII(bpy)3]2+, as a function of pump power (up to 2 TW/cm2) at 400 nm excitation. The transient absorption spectra in the 345-660 nm range up to 1 ns time delay enable the observation of the following photoproducts: the triplet 3MLCT (metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer) excited state, the reduced form [RuII(bpy)3]+, the oxidized species [RuIII(bpy)3]3+, and the solvated electron e(aq). The 3MLCT state is formed within the excitation pulse and undergoes vibrational relaxation in 3-5 ps, as evidenced by the shift of the ligand-centered (LC) absorption band below 400 nm. Even at the highest pump powers, the majority of e(aq) originates from multiphoton ionization of [RuII(bpy)3]2+ and not from the solvent, generating [RuIII(bpy)3]3+ as a byproduct. At 10 ps time delay, the total concentration of the three product species is balanced by the depleted concentration of [RuII(bpy)3]2+, even at the highest fluences used, indicating that no further reaction products significantly contribute to the overall photochemistry. On the 100 ps time scale, most probably diffusion-controlled reduction of ground-state [RuII(bpy)3]2+ by solvated electrons occurs, next to recombination between e(aq) and [RuIII(bpy)3]3+. 相似文献
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随着化石燃料的日益枯竭,人类社会对能源的需求在不断增长。为了平衡能量应用需求并提升能量使用效率,开发高效能量转换材料与电化学储能材料成为当前研究的重要课题。导电聚合物基电极材料面临着相应储能器件能量密度、功率密度、循环性能不高的挑战,需进行结构改性提高电导率、改善界面性质。鉴于共轭高分子的电子结构、光学及电化学性质由共轭链骨架结构决定,对导电共轭聚合物进行结构修饰以提升其电荷传输性能和载流子迁移率,进而设计合成新型高迁移率导电聚合物基共轭聚合物是提高相应器件特性的关键所在。已有研究大多借助复杂的结构设计来实现提升迁移率,设计合成了结构简单,有助提升电荷迁移的新型窄带隙聚联苯胺基共轭聚合物聚物。通过光谱学及电化学方法对材料结构与性能进行了表征分析。采用核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱,X射线粉末衍射对单体及聚合物进行了结构表征,通过紫外光谱、紫外可见漫反射、循环伏安、计时电位、交流阻抗对其进行了光学及电化学性能测试。结果表明,成功制得具有预期结构的共轭聚合物,所得聚合物结晶性较佳,光学带隙Egopt为1.85eV,HOMO及LUMO能级分别为-5.44和... 相似文献
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Convergence of Global and Bounded Solutions of a Second Order Gradient like System with Nonlinear Dissipation and Analytic Nonlinearity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. Chergui 《Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations》2008,20(3):643-652
In this paper we establish convergence to equilibrium of all global and bounded solutions of a gradient like system of second
order with nonlinear dissipation and analytic nonlinearity. We estimate also the rate of convergence. 相似文献
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Fenistein D Bonn D Rafaï S Wegdam GH Meunier J Parry AO da Gama MM 《Physical review letters》2002,89(9):096101
We study the thickness of wetting layers in the binary-liquid mixture cyclohexane methanol. Far from the bulk critical point, the wetting layer thickness is independent of temperature, resulting from the competition between van der Waals and gravitational forces. Upon approaching the bulk critical temperature [t=(T(c)-T)/T(c)-->0], we observe that the wetting layer thickness diverges as t(-beta) with effective critical exponent beta=0.23+/-0.06. This is characteristic of a broad, intermediate scaling regime for the crossover from van der Waals wetting to critical scaling. We predict beta=beta/3 approximately 0.11, with beta the usual bulk-order parameter critical exponent, showing a small but significant difference with experiment. 相似文献
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Salima Atlas Mustapha Raihane Anders Hult Michael Malkoch Mohammed Lahcini Bruno Ameduri 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(18):3856-3866
Radical copolymerization based on acrylonitrile (AN) and 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl acrylate (ATRIF) initited by AIBN was investigated in acetonitrile solution. The resulting poly(AN‐co‐ATRIF) copolymers were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR and IR spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Their compositions were assessed by 1H NMR. The kinetics of radical copolymerization of AN with ATRIF was investigated from sereval experiments achieved at 70 °C from initial [AN]0/[ATRIF]0 molar ratios ranging between 20/80 and 80/20 and was enabled to determine the reactivity ratios of both comonomers. From the monomer—polymer copolymerization curve, the Fineman–Ross and Kelen–Tüdos laws enabled to assess the reactivity ratios (rAN= r1 = 1.25 ± 0.04 and rATRIF = r2 = 0.93 ± 0.05 at 70 °C) while the revised patterns scheme led to r12 = rAN = 1.03, and r21 = rATRIF = 0.78 at 70 °C. In all cases, rAN x rATRIF product was close to unity, which indicates that poly(AN‐co‐ATRIF) copolymers exhibit a random structure. This was also confirmed by the Igarashi's and Pyun's laws which revealed the presence of AN‐ATRIF, AN‐AN, and ATRIF‐ATRIF dyads. The Q and e values for ATRIF were also assessed (Q2 = 0.62 and e2 = 0.93). The glass transition temperature values, Tg, of these copolymers increased from 17 to 61 °C as the molar percentage of ATRIF decreased from 77 to 16% in the copolymer. Thermogravimetry analysis of poly(AN‐co‐ATRIF) copolymers showed a good thermal stability compared to that of poly(ATRIF) homopolymer due to incorporation of AN comonomer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 3856–3866 相似文献
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Salima Atlas Mustapha Raihane Gregory B. Kharas Peter G. Hendrickson Hamid Kaddami Mourad Arous 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(12):997-1010
Copolymerization of fluorine ring-substituted 2-phenyl-1,1-dicyanoethenes, RC6H3CH?C(CN)2 (R is 2,3-F,F, 2,4-F,F, 2,5-F,F, 2,6-F,F, and 4-CF3) with 4-fluorostyrene were prepared in the presence of a radical initiator (ABCN) at 70°C. The composition of the copolymers was calculated from nitrogen analysis, and the copolymers were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA. The monomer reactivity ratios for 4-fluorostyrene (M1), r1 = 0.6 and 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-dicyanoethene (M2), r2 = 0 were determined from Fineman-Ross plot. The order of relative reactivity (1/r1) for difluoro-substituted monomers is 2,4-F,F (0.31) > 2,3-F,F (0.25) > 2,5-F,F (0.22) > 2,6-F,F (0.10). DSC curves showed that the copolymers were amorphous with high T g in comparison with that poly(4-fluorostyrene) indicating a substantial decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer units. From the thermogravimetric analysis, the copolymers began to degrade in the range 214–260°C. The copolymer of 4-fluorostyrene and 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-dicyanoethene and poly(4-fluorostyrene) were dielectrically characterized in the range 25–200°C. The dominating relaxation process detected in both materials was the α-relaxation, associated with the dynamic glass transition. The relationship polarity-permittivity was discussed. 相似文献
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Jichen Zhang Dr. Zhiyong Wang Salima Bennaceur Prof. Xianbo Jin 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(19):e202301479
The carbon to CaC2 route is promising to provide a sustainable elementary unit, C2H2, for the organic synthesis industry, but the traditional thermal reaction process suffers from low carbon efficiency, harmful gas contamination, high temperature operation, and risky CO management. We herein report a high carbon efficiency (ca. 100 %) conversion of biochar to C2H2 through an electrolytic synthesis of solid CaC2 in molten CaCl2/KCl/CaO at 973 K. The main reactions are carbon reduction to CaC2 at the solid carbon cathode and oxygen evolution at an inert anode. Meanwhile, the electrolysis removes S and P from the solid cathode, avoiding the formation of CaS and Ca3P2 in CaC2 and consequently eliminating H2S and PH3 contamination in the finally produced C2H2. 相似文献