Studies on the inhibitive effect of potassium ferrocyanide on the corrosion of steel in phosphoric acid

In this work, the effect of potassium ferrocyanide (Pf) on the corrosion of mild steel in solutions of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) has been investigated in relation to the concentration of the inhibitor by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and AC impedance (EIS) measurements. The results obtained revealed that this compound is good a mixed-type inhibitor. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior with the addition of optimal concentration of Pf was studied in the temperature range 298–328 K. The value of inhibition efficiency decreases slightly with the increase in temperature. Changes in impedance parameters (charge transfer resistance, R _t, and double layer capacitance, C _dl) were indicative of adsorption of Pf on the metal surface, leading to the formation of a protective film. Adsorption of Pf on the C38 steel surface was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some thermodynamic functions of dissolution and adsorption processes were also determined.     

1, 1, 1-Trichloropropanone: A Mild,Selective Acetylating Agent

The use of the title compound in the acetylation of primary and secondary amines i s described.     

The nonclassical noncovalent interactions control: A case study of the crystal structure of 3,5-dibromo-2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridinium tetrahalocuprate [3,5-DBr-2-A-4,6-DMPH]2CuX4 (X = Cl, and Br)

The compound [3,5-dibromo-2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridinium]₂CuCl₄, (1), was prepared from acidic hydrochloric acetonitrilic medium containing CuCl₂ and 3,5-dibromo-2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridinium bromide while [3,5-dibromo-2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridinium]₂CuBr₄, (2), from acidic HBr/Br₂ ethanolic medium containing 4,6-dimethylpyridine and CuBr₂. The ring got dibrominated at 3 and 5 positions in situ. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction proved the compounds to be isomorphous in P − 1. A systematic study of the crystallographic parameters in dibrominated and nonbrominated 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridine salts will explain the role of nonclassical noncovalent interaction between aryl bromine and ionic metal bromide in the control of structure.     

Interfacial characterisation and mechanical properties of heat treated non-woven kenaf fibre and its reinforced composites

This paper reports on the comprehensive characterisation of heat treated kenaf fibre (KF) and its composites. The kenaf fibres were modified by heating for 2.5–12.5 h inside a drying oven. Heat treatment produces an increase in the crystallinity index and fibre strength of KF. The highest value of KF strength was recorded by applying heat treatment of 10 h on KF. The heat treatment results in the partial removal of impurities/extractives on the KF surface which is detected by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy results signify the decrease of roughness, the increase in peak area density and the increase of the adhesion force on the surface area of heat treated KF. The effect of the heat treatment in enhancing the interface bonding characteristics between the KF and unsaturated polyester matrix can be reflected by the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and dynamic mechanical analysis value of the composites. The flexural properties of the composites showed a similar trend to ILSS. However, the fracture toughness revealed contrasting results. Water absorption induced a drastic loss of the mechanical properties of the composites albeit better retention of properties was observed in the case of heat-treated KF composites.     

On the General Stability of a Viscoelastic Wave Equation with an Integral Condition

We consider a nonlocal boundary value problem for a viscoelastic equation with a Bessel operator and a weighted integral condition and we prove a general decay result. We also give an example to show that our general result gives the optimal decay rate for ceratin polynomially decaying relaxation functions. This result improves some other results in the literature.     

Photodissociation of sodium iodide and resonant ionization of sodium atom produced

Resonant ionization spectroscopy (RIS) and resonant ionization mass spectroscopy (RIMS) are employed to detect the photodissociation product of sodium iodide molecules in a molecular beam in an intense laser field in the absence of the buffer gases. Time of flight mass spectra is recorded. In particular, the appearances of multiphoton ionization are discussed.     

On averaging of the non-periodic conductivity coefficient using two-scale extensions

We consider a second order elliptic equation with known rapidly oscillated coefficient. The equation appears to describe such problems as heat transfer in composite materials, flow in non-homogeneous porous media as well as in many others. For the periodic coefficient the averaging procedure is well known. The non-periodic case is still a challenging problem. We present a two-scale extension approach and apply it on one numerical example in 2D. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)