Structural characterization and self-association of (Arylimido)vanadium(V) triisopropoxides

(Arylimido)vanadium(V) triisopropoxides, [( p-RC 6H 4N)V(O (i) Pr) 3] (R = NMe 2, OMe, H, CN, NO 2, Br), were prepared by the reaction of VO(O (i) Pr) 3 with the aryl isocyanates without solvent. The structures of the (arylimido)vanadium(V) triisopropoxides were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determination to elucidate the substituent effect on the self-association properties. Controlled association of the (arylimido)vanadium(V) triisopropoxides to the mu-oxo-bridged dimer complexes or the mu-imido-bridged dinuclear complex was achieved by changing the p-substituent on the benzene rings, which regulates the nature of the imido bonds. Furthermore, the one-dimensional linear polymer complex or the one-dimensional zigzag one through mu-oxo-bridging was formed in a solid state with the bimetallic (arylimido)vanadium(V) complex, [( (i) PrO) 3V(N- p-C 6H 4N)V(O (i) Pr) 3] or [( (i) PrO) 3V(N- m-C 6H 4N)V(O (i) Pr) 3], respectively.     

Neuroanatomical approaches to the study of insect photoperiodism

The anatomical locations of three components of insect photoperiodism--the photoperiodic photoreceptor, photoperiodic clock and hormonal effector--are summarized and compared between species. Among photoperiodic photoreceptors, either the retinal or extraretinal types or both are operative, and there is no general relationship between phylogeny and photoreceptor type. The photoperiodic clock comprises time measurement and counter systems. Currently, it is generally accepted that circadian oscillators are involved in the photoperiodic clock. Several recent studies have raised the possibility that timeless, a circadian clock gene, plays a role in the photoperiodic clock in flies. The dorsal protocerebrum has been identified as an important region regulating the endocrine system for adult, pupal and embryonic diapause controlled by photoperiod. In the blow fly Protophormia terraenovae, neural connections between circadian clock neurons and indispensable neurons in the pars lateralis for diapause induction in the dorsal protocerebrum have been demonstrated. This neural network may provide the access needed to investigate the neural components of the photoperiodic clock.     

Evidence for in-medium modification of the phi meson at normal nuclear density

Invariant mass spectra of e(+) e(-) pairs have been measured in 12 GeV p + A reactions to detect possible in-medium modification of vector mesons. Copper and carbon targets are used to study the nuclear-size dependence of e(+) e(-) invariant mass distributions. A significant excess on the low-mass side of the phi meson peak is observed in the low betagamma(= beta/square root(1-beta(2))) region of phi mesons (betagamma < 1.25) with copper targets. However, in the high betagamma region (betagamma > 1.25), spectral shapes of phi mesons are well described by the Breit-Wigner shape when experimental effects are considered. Thus, in addition to our earlier publications on rho/omega modification, this study has experimentally verified vector meson mass modification at normal nuclear density.     

Observation of B(0)-->D(*-)tau(+)nu(tau) decay at Belle

We report an observation of the decay B{0}-->D{*-}tau{+}nu{tau} in a data sample containing 535x10{6} BB pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e{+}e{-} collider. We find a signal with a significance of 5.2sigma and measure the branching fraction B(B{0}-->D{*-}tau{+}nu{tau})=(2.02{-0.37}{+0.40}(stat)+/-0.37(syst))%. This is the first observation of an exclusive B decay with a b-->ctaunu{tau} transition.     

Observation of b-->dgamma and determination of /Vtd/Vts/

We report the observation of the flavor-changing neutral current process b-->dgamma using a sample of 386 x 106 B meson pairs accumulated by the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- collider. We measure branching fractions for the exclusive modes B--->rho-gamma, B0rho0gamma, and B0omegagamma. Assuming that these three modes are related by isospin, we find B(B-->(rho,gamma)gamma)=[Formula: See Text] with a significance of 5.1sigma. This result is used to determine the ratio of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements /Vtd/Vts/ to be [Formula: See Text].     

Nonlinear absorption microspectroscopy of single perylene nanocrystals with a multichannel double lock-in amplifier

Nonlinear confocal absorption microspectroscopy of single nanocrystals at low temperatures was introduced in the study of perylene nanocrystals. By the stationary pump-probe method, single nanocrystals were photoexcited into metastable excited states, and difference absorption spectra due to excited-state absorption and ground-state depletion were simultaneously recorded using a multichannel lock-in amplifier. It was revealed that the free Frenkel exciton band for single perylene nanocrystals is broader in width than that for the bulk crystal at low temperatures, suggesting that the exciton band is inhomogeneously broadened even for single perylene nanocrystals.     

Observation of the psi(4415)-->DD2*(2460) decay using initial-state radiation

We report measurements of the exclusive cross section for e(+)e(-)-->D(0)D(-)pi(+) over the center-of-mass energy range 4.0 GeV to 5.0 GeV with initial-state radiation and the first observation of the decay psi(4415)-->D(0)D(-)pi(+). From a study of the resonant substructure in psi(4415) decay we conclude that the psi(4415)-->D(0)D(-)pi(+) decay is dominated by psi(4415)-->DD(2)(*)(2460). We obtain B(psi(4415)-->D(0)D(-)pi(nonresonant)(+))/B(psi(4415)-->DD(2)(*)(2460)-->D(0)D(-)pi(+))<0.22 at 90% C.L. The analysis is based on a data sample collected with the Belle detector with an integrated luminosity of 673 fb(-1).     

Observation of B_(s)(0)-->phigamma and search for B_(s)(0)-->gammagamma decays at Belle

We search for the radiative penguin decays B_{s}{0}-->varphigamma and B_{s}{0}-->gammagamma in a 23.6 fb{-1} data sample collected at the Upsilon(5S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e{+}e{-} asymmetric-energy collider. We observe for the first time a radiative penguin decay of the B_{s}{0} meson in the B_{s}{0}-->varphigamma mode and we measure B(B_{s}{0}-->varphigamma)=(57_{-15}{+18}(stat)-11+12(syst))x10{-6}. No significant B_{s}{0}-->gammagamma signal is observed and we set a 90% confidence level upper limit of B(B_{s}{0}-->gammagamma)<8.7x10{-6}.     

Observation of anomalous upsilon(1S)pi+pi(-) and upsilon(2S)pi+pi(-) production near the upsilon(5S) resonance

We report the first observation of e;{+}e;{-}-->Upsilon(1S)pi;{+}pi;{-}, Upsilon(2S)pi;{+}pi;{-}, and first evidence for e;{+}e;{-}-->Upsilon(3S)pi;{+}pi;{-}, Upsilon(1S)K+K-, near the peak of the Upsilon(5S) resonance at sqrt[s] approximately 10.87 GeV. The results are based on a data sample of 21.7 fb;{-1} collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e;{+}e;{-} collider. Attributing the signals to the Upsilon(5S) resonance, the partial widths Gamma(Upsilon(5S)-->Upsilon(1S)pi;{+}pi;{-})=0.59+/-0.04(stat)+/-0.09(syst) MeV and Gamma(Upsilon(5S)-->Upsilon(2S)pi;{+}pi;{-})=0.85+/-0.07(stat)+/-0.16(syst) MeV are obtained from the observed cross sections. These values exceed by more than 2 orders of magnitude the previously measured partial widths for dipion transitions between lower Upsilon resonances.     

Measurement of branching fractions, isospin, and CP-violating asymmetries for exclusive b-->dgamma modes

We report new measurements of the decays B+-->rho+gamma, B0-->rho0gamma, and B0-->omegagamma using a data sample of 657x10(6) B meson pairs accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- collider. We measure branching fractions B(B+-->rho+gamma)=(8.7_-2.7-1.1;+2.9+0.9)x10(-7), B(B0-->rho0gamma)=(7.8_-1.6-1.0;+1.7+0.9)x10(-7), and B(B0-->omegagamma)=(4.0_-1.7;+1.9+/-1.3)x10(-7). We also report the isospin asymmetry Delta(rhogamma)=-0.48_-0.19-0.09;+0.21+0.08 and the first measurement of the direct CP-violating asymmetry ACP(B+-->rho+gamma)=-0.11+/-0.32+/-0.09, where the first and second errors are statistical and systematic, respectively.