Recent synthetic strategies toward the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds comprising six-membered carbocyclic/heterocyclic ring systems

Molecular Diversity - Spirocyclic compounds fascinate the synthetic chemists due to their privileged ring system and efficacy in drug discovery. Many natural compounds comprise spirocyclic moiety...     

Spin density polarization effects in the presence of Coriolis force on ion acoustic waves in quantum plasma

Ion acoustic solitary waves in a quantum plasma, which is slowly rotating around an axis at an angle θ with the direction of magnetic field, are investigated. Quantum hydrodynamic model is under consideration with the effects of rotations which are included via Coriolis force. Fermions are degenerate and have different spin density states, that is, up and down characterized via parameter α. Linear analysis is performed by applying Fourier transformation to derive dispersion relation. For nonlinear analysis, we apply reductive perturbation method to derive Korteweg de Vries equation (KdV). The effects of variations of Coriolis force, spin polarization, and quantum parameter on characteristics of solitary structure are discussed. These results are applicable to astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.     

A novel one-pot pseudo five-component isocyanide-based reaction: synthesis of 2,6-bis(alkylamino)-benzofuro[5,6-b]furan-4,8-dione derivatives

A novel one-pot pseudo five-component reaction of isocyanides with 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione and various aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol at room temperature has been studied. 2,6-Bis(alkylamino)-benzofuro[5,6-b]furan-4,8-dione derivatives were isolated as the products in good yields after 24 h.     

Synthesis of fully substituted pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives via a multicomponent reaction of isocyanides

The three-component reaction of the zwitterions generated from dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate and isocyanides with 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one is described. The reaction afforded the corresponding special type of fully substituted pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives in good yields without using any catalyst and activation.     

Theoretical study of lepton events in the atmospheric neutrino experiments at SuperK

Super-Kamiokande has reported the results for the lepton events in the atmospheric neutrino experiment. These results have been presented for a 22.5kT water fiducial mass on an exposure of 1489 days, and the events are divided into sub-GeV, multi-GeV and PC events. We present a study of nuclear medium effects in the sub-GeV energy region of atmospheric neutrino events for the quasielastic scattering, incoherent and coherent pion production processes, as they give the most dominant contribution to the lepton events in this energy region. We have used the atmospheric neutrino flux given by Honda et al. These calculations have been done in the local density approximation. We take into account the effects of Pauli blocking, Fermi motion, Coulomb effect, renormalization of weak transition strengths in the nuclear medium in the case of the quasielastic reactions. The inelastic reactions leading to production of leptons along with pions is calculated in a $ \Delta$ -dominance model by taking into account the renormalization of $ \Delta$ properties in the nuclear medium and the final-state interaction effects of the outgoing pions with the residual nucleus. We present the results for the lepton events obtained in our model with and without nuclear medium effects, and compare them with the Monte Carlo predictions used in the simulation and the experimentally observed events reported by the Super-Kamiokande Collaboration.     

Efficient synthesis,characterization, and in vitro bactericidal studies of unsymmetrically substituted triazole-derived Schiff base ligand and its transition metal complexes

Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly - In the present research, novel unsymmetrically substituted triazole-derived Schiff base ligand...     

Zn2+ doped ormosil–phosphotungstate hybrid films with enhanced photochromic response

Owing to the wide use of photochromic materials in UV sensors and dosimeters, considerable efforts have been made to increase the UV-response and sensitivity of the existing classes of photochromic materials. In this study, we report a simple sol–gel route for the preparation of highly photochromic transparent films based on ormosil–phosphotungstate hybrid materials. The effect of addition of Zn²⁺ ions on the photochromic response of these hybrid films and the possible mechanism involved is discussed. Compared to the undoped samples, the photochromic response of the Zn²⁺-doped hybrid films increases by 59–237 % depending on the concentration of Zn²⁺ ions added to the sol formulation. No structural or electronic change in the phosphotungstate dye was observed by vibrational spectroscopy or UV spectroscopy, though micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) analysis showed that the addition of Zn²⁺ in the sol–gel preparations leads to an increase in the amount of phosphotungstate (HPW) incorporated in the dip-coated films. Furthermore, TEM and nano-energy-dispersive X-ray showed formation of nano-agglomerates consisting of Zn and HPW in the Zn²⁺-doped samples. Zn K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis also confirmed the formation of the salt H_x[Zn(OH₂)₆] _2?xPW₁₂O₄₀. It is suggested that these Zn-phosphotungstate nano-agglomerates get trapped into the ormosil network during films preparation leading to increased concentration of the phosphotungstate anions in the films, in accordance with results from μ-XRF analysis. Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the Keggin structure of HPW is preserved in the hybrid films. FTIR spectra of the matrix part of the samples are identical before and after UV-irradiation, which suggests that the photochromic process does not involve oxidation of the organic functionalities. These highly photochromic hybrid films are promising candidates for the design of practical UV-sensing devices and dosimeters.