Minimal time of controllability of two parabolic equations with disjoint control and coupling domains

We consider two parabolic equations coupled by a matrix A(x)=q(x)A₀$A(x)=q(x)A_0$, where A₀$A_0$ is a Jordan block of order 1, and controlled by a single localized function, or by a single boundary control. The support of the coupling coefficient, q  , and the control domain may be disjoint. We exhibit an explicit minimal time of null-controllability, T₀(q)∈[0,+∞]$T_0(q)\in [0,+\infty ]$.     

Structural determination by atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry of some compounds isolated from the SARA fractions obtained from bitumen

We have identified compounds obtained from the SARA fractions of bitumen by using atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry and low‐energy collision tandem mass spectrometric analyses with a QqToF‐MS/MS hybrid instrument. The identified compounds were isolated from the maltene saturated oil and the aromatic fractions of the SARA components of a bitumen. The QqToF instrument had sufficient mass resolution to provide accurate molecular weight information and to enhance the tandem mass spectrometry results. The APPI‐QqToF‐MS analysis of the separated compounds showed a series of protonated molecules [M + H]⁺ and molecular ions [M]^+? of the same mass but having different chemical structures, in the maltene saturated oil and the aromatic SARA fractions. These isobaric ions were a molecular ion [M₂]^+? at m/z 418.2787 and a protonated molecule [M₅ + H]⁺ at m/z 287.1625 in the saturated oil fraction, and molecular ions [M₆]^+? at m/z 418.1584 and [M₇]^+? at m/z 287.1285 in the aromatic fraction. The identification of this series of chemical compounds was achieved by performing CID‐MS/MS analyses of the molecular ions [M]^+? ([M₁]^+? at m/z 446. 2980, [M₂]^+? at m/z 418.2787, [M₃]^+? at m/z 360.3350 and [M₄]^+? at m/z 346.2095) in the saturated oil fraction and of the [M₅ + H]⁺ ion at m/z 287.1625 also in the saturated oil fraction. The observed CID‐MS/MS fragmentation differences were explained by proposed different breakdown processes of the precursor ions. The presented tandem mass spectrometric study shows the capability of MS/MS experiments to differentiate between different classes of chemical compounds of the SARA components of bitumen and to explain the reasons for the observed mass spectrometric differences. However, greater mass resolution than that provided by the QqToF‐MS/MS instrument would be required for the analysis of the asphaltene fraction of bitumen. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the response of LR-115 plastic track detector to 10 20 Ne-ion

The track etch rates of ₁₀ ²⁰ Ne-ion in cellulose nitrate (LR-115) have been measured for different temperatures and the activation energy is determined. The experimental results show that both the track etch rate and the normalized track etch rate depend on the energy loss as well as on etching temperature. The maximum etched track length of ₁₀ ²⁰ Ne-ion agrees with the theoretically computed range. The experimental results show that there is no sharp threshold, at least in CN(LR-115).     

Performance of hydrodynamic journal bearing under the combined influence of textured surface and journal misalignment: A numerical survey

A wisely chosen geometry of micro textures with the favorable relative motion of lubricated surfaces in contacts can enhance tribological characteristics. In this paper, a computational investigation related to the combined influence of bearing surface texturing and journal misalignment on the performances of hydrodynamic journal bearings is reported. To this end, a numerical analysis is performed to test three texture shapes: square “SQ”, cylindrical “CY”, and triangular “TR”, and shaft misalignment variation in angle and degree. The Reynolds equation of a thin viscous film is solved using a finite differences scheme and a mass conservation algorithm (JFO boundary conditions), taking into account the presence of textures on both full film and cavitation regions. Preliminary results are compared with benchmark data and are consistent with a positive enhancement in misaligned bearing performances (load carrying capacity and friction). The results suggest that the micro-step bearing mechanism is a key parameter, where the micro-pressure recovery action present in dimples located at the second angular part of the bearing (from 180° to 360°) can compensate for the loss on performances caused by shaft misalignment, while the micro-pressure drop effect at the full film region causes poor performances. Considering the right arrangement of textures on the contact surface, their contours geometries can have a significant impact on the performance of misaligned journal bearings, particularly at high eccentricity ratios, high misalignment degrees and when the misalignment angle α approaches to $0\mathrm{°}$ or $180\mathrm{°}$.     

Preyssler heteropolyacid supported on silica coated NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the catalytic synthesis of bis(dihydropyrimidinone)benzene and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones

A novel magnetic acidic catalyst comprising Preyssler (H14[NaP5W30O110]) heteropoly acid support‐ed on silica coated nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NiFe2O4@SiO2) was prepared. The catalyst was character...     

Bacilli as Biological Nano-factories Intended for Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Its Application in Human Welfare

The search of eco-friendly technologies for nano-synthesis is significant to expand their applications in human welfare. Nowadays, various inorganic nanoparticles with beneficial features have been synthesized via physical, chemical, and biological means. Significant biological applications of silver nanoparticles include on-infectious microbes, target drug delivery, cancer and vector-borne disease control. Their syntheses have been tested from plant fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The bacterial mediated synthesis of silver, gold, zinc and other metal leads to a milestone in nano-medicines. Thus, in this review, we focus on the contribution of Bacilli in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, the mechanism of action and their potential application in the welfare of human beings.     

Electropolymerization of Mefenamic Acid on Copper and Copper Based Alloy as a New Strategy to Control the Release of Copper Ions from Copper Containing Devices

Poly-2-(2,3-dimethylanilino) benzoic acid (PMF) coatings on copper and brass alloy were synthesized by electrochemical oxidation of 2-(2,3-dimethylanilino) benzoic acid in the presence of oxalic acid as the reaction medium. Electrodeposition was carried out using the cyclic voltammetry technique using a silver/silver-chloride standard electrode, with a scan rate of 600 mV min^–1. Smooth and well adhered PMF coatings were electrosynthesized during sequential scanning of the potential in the range–500 mV to 1400 mV on copper and brass alloy. The electrodeposited coatings were characterized by recording the oxidation peaks at 122 mV for Cu and–0.7 mV for brass, in cyclic voltammetry and using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Corrosion inhibition efficiency of coated copper and brass alloy was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The impedance results showed that the inhibition efficiency of coated copper is 89% and for coated brass 79.4% compared to the uncoated copper and brass in 0.1 M H₂SO₄.

     

Chromatographic analysis of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir: New treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection with application to human plasma

Sofosbuvir (SOF) and ledipasvir (LED) are recently approved and coformulated as directly acting antiviral agents used for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography - diode array detector (RP-HPLC/DAD) method was developed and validated for the first time for the analysis of newly formulated anti-HCV combination, in pure form, pharmaceutical formulation and in human plasma. In the developed method, separation was performed on Zorbax® Eclipse C18 column using a gradient mixture of acetonitrile–water as a mobile phase and scanning was performed at 260?nm (for SOF) and 330?nm (for LED). The two drugs were completely separated from each other and from plasma, where plasma peak appeared at 2.76?±?0.05?min, SOF at 4.25?±?0.05, and LED at 7.35?±?0.05. The developed method showed high sensitivity, the drugs showed linearity in the range of 1–45?µg/mL for both pure form and spiked human plasma. Three freeze–thaw cycles were performed separately at two different temperatures, ?8 and ?20°C. No significant loss of the studied drugs were observed during repeated thawing and freezing. Validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, robustness, and ruggedness were tested in compliance with USP recommendations, where acceptable results were obtained. Applying to pharmaceutical formulation showed no interference from tablet excipients.